Test 2 info

Question 1

what is the strongest predictor of health and happiness?

Answer 1

strong social relationships

Question 2

meta-analysis:

Answer 2

the statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies
- when the treatment effect is CONSISTENT from one study to the next, meta-analysis can be used to identify this common effect

Question 3

odds ratio

Answer 3

a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. the OR represents the odds that an outcome will occur given a particular exposure

Question 4

social isolation

Answer 4

the relative absence of social relationships

Question 5

social integration

Answer 5

overall level of involvement with informal and formal social relationships

Question 6

quality of relationships

Answer 6

positive and negative (strained) aspects of relationships

Question 7

social networks

Answer 7

the web of social ties surrounding an individual

Question 8

social isolation (lonliness and physical activity:

Answer 8

loneliness is independently and directly related to physical inactivity among older adults (50-68 yrs)

Question 9

people who are lonely are ___% more likely to be physically inactive, after controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, education, and household income

Answer 9

65%

Question 10

confounding variables

Answer 10

a variable that correlates with both the dependent variable( phy. act.) and independent variable ( isolation), in a way that explains away some or all of the correlation between the variables

Question 11

social network index based on what 4 domains

Answer 11

1) marital status
2) contacts with friends and relatives
3) religious affiliation and membership
4) membership in voluntary organizations

Question 12

main finding of the framingham heart study (Christakis and fowler)

Answer 12

the clustering of obesity

Question 13

if your friend becomes obese, your chances of becoming obese increase by ___% in the same time period

Answer 13

57%

Question 14

homophily

Answer 14

the tendency for people to associate with people with similar characteristics
ex: obesity, diet/pa habits
“birds of a feather flock together”

Question 15

confounds

Answer 15

people share the same environment which influences their health
ex: low access to healthy foods, low access to safe PA activities

Question 16

induction

Answer 16

a change in one person causes a change in another person

ex: obesity

Question 17

who is the most influential person in risk for obesity?

Answer 17

1) a mutual friend

Question 18

a lack of social relationships is a powerful risk factor for _______

Answer 18

premature death or mortality

Question 19

social relationships are also closely tied to _____.

Answer 19

health behavior
(Christakis study obesity=diet + pa)
(alameda county : social integration)

Question 20

what is public health

Answer 20

all organized measures to prevent disease, promote health, and prolong life among the population as a whole

• focus on entire population
• concerned with total system

Question 21

social determinants of health

Answer 21

economic stability, environment, education, food, community and social context, health care system

Question 22

physical environment is ____%

Answer 22

10%

Question 23

social and economic factors is ____%

Answer 23

40%

Question 24

clinical care is ___%

Answer 24

20%

Question 25

health behaviors is ____%

Answer 25

30%