midterm

Question 1

the single long fiber that extends from a neurons cell body; its function is to conduct neural signals from the cell body to other pparts of the nervous system

Answer 1

axon

Question 2

the part of the central nervous system that is located in the skull.

Answer 2

brain

Question 3

the short bushy fibers that branch out from the cell body; they constitute the major signal-receving areas of the neuron

Answer 3

dendrite

Question 4

the two regions of the cerebral hemispheres, one in each hemisphere , that are anterior to the central fissures

Answer 4

frontal lobe

Question 5

large limbic structures of the medial temporal lobes, one in each hemisphere ; the hippocampi are involved in certain kinds of memory

Answer 5

hippocampus

Question 6

from or to the same side of the body

Answer 6

ipsilateral

Question 7

circuit of midline structures that circles the thalamus. plays important role in emotions. the major structures of the ____ system are amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, fornix.

Answer 7

limbic system

Question 8

the functional units of the nervous system

Answer 8

nuerons

Question 9

the two regions of the cerebral hemispheres that are located at the posterior pole of each hemisphere

Answer 9

occipital lobe

Question 10

contributes to the sense of smell

Answer 10

olfactory

Question 11

either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information.

Answer 11

parietal lobe

Question 12

the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the _____ is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.

Answer 12

pituitary

Question 13

a small gap in the myelin sheath of a myelinated nerve fiber.

Answer 13

ranvier

Question 14

a diffuse network of nerve pathways in the brainstem connecting the spinal cord, cerebrum, and cerebellum, and mediating the overall level of consciousness.

Answer 14

reticular formation

Question 15

the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted.

Answer 15

reuptake

Question 16

either of a pair of neuron clusters in the hypothalamus situated directly above the optic chiasma that receive photic input from the retina via the optic nerve and that regulate the body’s circadian rhythms

Answer 16

suprachiasmatic

Question 17

s a branch of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

symphathetic

Question 18

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

Answer 18

synapse

Question 19

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech.

Answer 19

temporal lobe

Question 20

each of the tenth pair of cranial nerves, supplying the heart, lungs, upper digestive tract, and other organs of the chest and abdomen.

Answer 20

vagus

Question 21

a fluid- or air-filled cavity or sac, in particula

Answer 21

vesicle

Question 22

made up of cells that transmit brain signals from one region of the cerebrum to another, or from the cerebrum to the lower brains centers.

Answer 22

white matter

Question 23

the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.

Answer 23

cortex