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anatomy quiz > meachen > Flashcards

meachen Flashcards

1
Q

shapes of regions on ischial tuberosity

A

Ischial Tuberosity= has a triangular region and an oval-shaped region

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2
Q

bump on pubic crest

A

pubic tubercle

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3
Q

sex differences in pelvis: pelvic inlet

A

oval-shaped or round in females, heart shaped in males

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4
Q

sex differences in pelvis: pelvic outlet

A

oval shaped in males

-round in females so that they can give birth

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5
Q

sex differences in pelvis: subpubic angle

A

narrow in males= 30 degrees (approximate w/ peace fingers)

wide in females= approximate w/ thumb and forefinger

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6
Q

sex differences in pelvis

A

females= have a wider, shorter pelvis, thinner bones

-males have taller, thicker bones in pelvis

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7
Q

q-angle

A

line from ASIS through midpoint of patella

  • draw another line through tibia to form Q-angle
  • shape of pelvis affects q-angle
  • females have a larger q-angle (15 degrees), 11 degrees in males
  • q angles differ due to shape of pelvis
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8
Q

larger q angle

A

can cause genu valgum, can get patellar dislocation

-some foot orthotics can decrease q angle and therefore genu valgum

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9
Q

location of long and short ligaments in pelvis

A

long ligaments on posterior side

-short ligaments on anterior side

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10
Q

separates greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

sacrospinous ligament

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11
Q

left over vertebrae

A

transverse ridge of sacrum

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12
Q

left over spinous processes

A

median ridge of sacrum

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13
Q

left over articular processes

A

articular (intermediate) ridge of sacrum

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14
Q

left over transverse processes

A

lateral sacral crests

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15
Q

age that ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse at

A

13-14

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16
Q

surface where ilium and sacrum attach to each other

A

auricular surface

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17
Q

body of ilium, ischium, and pubis

A

in acetabulum

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18
Q

end of iliopectineal line

A

iliopubic eminence

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19
Q

ASIS muscle attachments

A

Sartorius muscle, illiacus, tensor fascia lata, and inguinal ligament (it is the origin of these 3 muscles)

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20
Q

AIIS muscle attachments

A

iliofemoral ligament, straight head of rectus femoris, and part of iliacus (it is these origins of these muscles)

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21
Q

PSIS attachments

A

posterior sacroiliac ligaments attach

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22
Q

behind posterior gluteal line

A

anything behind it is part of origin of gluteus maximus

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23
Q

anterior gluteal line

A

btwn this & posterior gluteal line= origin of gluteus medius

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24
Q

inferior gluteal line

A

gluteus minimus= originates btwn anterior and inferior gluteal line

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25
Q

ischial tuberosity attachments

A

semimembranosus muscle, long head of biceps femoris, semitendinosus muscle, adductor magnus, quadratis femoris, and inferior gemellis (also sacrotuberous ligament), origins of all these muscles

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26
Q

ischial ramus attachments

A

adductor magnus, obturator internus

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27
Q

surface btwn IPR and SPR

A

symphyseal surface

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28
Q

body of pubis attachments

A

gracillis, adductor longus, and adductor brevis

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29
Q

superior ramus attachments

A

pectineus

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30
Q

inferior ramus attachments

A

gracillis, adductor brevis and magnus, and obturator externus

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31
Q

run through obturator groove

A

obturator nerve and artery

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32
Q

Psoas major

A
  • action: Flexes hip, flexes lumbar spin
  • innervated by L2-L3
  • origin= transverse process of lumbar spine
  • insertion= lesser trochanter of femur
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33
Q

Psoas minor

A
  • Synergistic muscle w/ psoas major, helps w/ spinal flexion
  • origin= upper lumbar vertebrae
  • insertion= inguinal ligament, iliac fascia & iliopectineal eminence)
  • innervation= L1
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34
Q

Iliacus

A

-Insert: lesser trochanter of femur)
-action: hip flexion,
innervated by femoral nerve, L2-L4
origin= iliac fossa

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35
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin= posterior side of ilium, part of the sacrum and coccyx (behind posterior gluteal line)

  • insertion= broad (deep fibers on gluteal tuberosity of femur, and iliotibial tract)
  • action is to extend and laterally rotate leg, assists in rising from sitting (make it bigger by squatting)
  • innervated by inferior gluteal nerve (bc gluteus maximus comes down so far), L5-S2
36
Q

Tensor fascia lata

A
  • origin= iliac crest near ASIS
  • inserts on broad fascia (fascia lata) and iliotibial tract,
  • acts to flex hip and medial rotation of the thigh,
  • innervated by superior gluteal nerve, L4-S1
37
Q

Gluteus medius

A
  • Origin= btwn anterior and posterior gluteal lines,
  • inserts at greater trochanter of femur
  • action: abducts the thigh and medially rotation thigh, stabilizes hip during locomotion and balance
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve L4-S1 (superficial branch)
38
Q

Gluteus minimus

A
  • origin: on ilium btwn anterior and inferior gluteal line
  • inserts on greater trochanter of femur
  • action: synergist of medius, abductor of thigh, medial rotation of thigh, important in hip balance and locomotion
  • innervation: superior gluteal nerve (inferior branch), L4-S1
39
Q

piriformis

A
  • Innervation: S2, sometimes S1
  • attached to gluteus medius or receive fibers from gemellus
  • can be pierced by scitatic nerve (peroneal branch) or sciatic nerve can be under it
  • origin= anterior portion of sacrum
  • inserts on greater trochanter of femur
  • laterally rotates the thigh or abduct a flexed hip, helps w/ hip extension
40
Q

Obturator internus

A
  • on inside of obturator foramen, wraps around the ischium to insert on the greater trochanter
  • Looks like a white tendon= most of muscle mass is on the inside of the pelvis
  • Laterally rotates hip, hip extension, abduction of flexed thigh (synergist of piriformis)
  • Innervated by nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1) NOT obturator nerve
41
Q

Superior gemellus

A

-can be absent
-Origin= ischial spine
-insertion= greater trochanter
Laterally rotates the thigh
-Also innervated by the nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)

42
Q

Inferior gemellus

A
  • bigger than superior gemellus
  • insertion: greater trochanter
  • action: laterally rotates the thigh
  • Originates from ischial tuberosity
  • Innervated by nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
43
Q

quadratis femoris

A
  • originates from ischial tuberosity
  • inserts onto linea quadrata
  • adduct and laterally rotate the hip
  • innervation= nerve to quadratus femoris (L4-S1)
44
Q

obturator externus

A
  • Innervation: Post. div. of the obturator nerve, L2-L4
  • same action as quadratus femoris= adduct and laterally rotate hip
  • inserts onto trochanteric fossa of the femur
  • origin= ischium and pubis (external part of obturator foramen)
45
Q

Lumbosacral Plexus

A

Lumbar Plexus= formed from primary ventral rami of part T12, L1-L3 and part of L4
L4= split btwn lumbar sacral plexuses even though it’s a lumbar nerve
Sacral Plexus= part L4, all of L5, S1-S3, and some of S4
Part of S4-S5= coxcygeal plexus

46
Q

lumbar plexus

A
  • Posterior division: Lateral femoral cutaneous, nerves to iliacus and psoas, Genitofemoral, Femoral nerve
  • anterior division: Obturator nerve, Accessory obturator nerve, nervus furcalis
47
Q

Lateral femoral cutaneous

A

innervates lateral skin of thigh, comes out over top of iliacus (L2-L3)

48
Q

nerve to illiacus and psoas levels

A

L2-L4

49
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1-L2, course over psoas muscle, does stuff in thigh and genital region

50
Q

Femoral nerve

A

-comes out on lateral side of psoas

Innervates anterior compartment of thigh= quads (L2-L4)

51
Q

Obturator nerve

A

L2-L4= innervates obturator externus and medial compartment of thigh (adductors)

52
Q

Accessory obturator nerve

A

-variant (10% of people)

L3-L4= does pectineus muscle and part of hip joint

53
Q

nervus furcalis

A

L4= forked nerve

Named this way bc contributes to lumbar and sacral plexus

54
Q

sacral plexus

A

Posterior= Superior gluteal nerve, Inferior gluteal nerve, Nerve to piriforms, Sciatic nerve

Anterior= Nerve to quadratus femoris, Nerve to obturator internus (and superior gemellus), Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve, Pudendal nerve

55
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

-L4-S1
-splits outside greater sciatic region
Superior branch goes to gluteus medius= deep
Inferior branch= minimis, medius and tensor fascis lata
-comes out above piriformis

56
Q

Inferior gluteal nerve

A

just innervates gluteus maximus= L5-S2

-comes out below piriformis

57
Q

Nerve to piriforms

A

S2 (and sometimes S1)

58
Q

Sciatic nerve

A
  • L4-S3
  • splits into common peroneal (posterior) and tibial (anterior) divisions
  • Tibial nerve goes medially, peroneal nerve goes laterally
59
Q

Nerve to quadratus femoris

A

L4-S1

-also innervates inferior gemellus

60
Q

Nerve to obturator internus

A

and superior gemellus= L5-S2

61
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

A
  • mix of anterior and posterior

- Comes off next to sciatic nerve (runs parallel to it), S1-S3

62
Q

Pudendal nerve

A
  • come out of sciatic foramen, goes out lesser sciatic foramen, next to nerve to obturator internus
  • innervates genitals and perianal region
63
Q

External Iliac artery branches

A

Aberrant Obturator, Deep Circumflex Iliac, Inferior epigastric

64
Q

Aberrant Obturator artery

A

goes into obturator foramen, if obturator is missing

65
Q

internal iliac artery branches

A

anterior division: inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, obturator

posterior division: iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal

66
Q

Iliolumbar artery

A

posterior division, goes to iliacus and psoas major

67
Q

Lateral Sacral artery

A

posterior division, goes to piriformis

68
Q

Obturator artery

A
  • anterior division

- goes to femoral head, important in children during ossification, goes w/ obturator nerve through obturator foramen

69
Q

Superior Gluteal artery

A
  • posterior division
  • goes btwn lumbosacral trunk and S1
  • does all the gluteal muscles (but mostly medius and minimus, plus tensor fascia lata))
  • superficial branches do medius
  • deep branches do minimus
70
Q

Inferior Gluteal artery

A
  • anterior division

- goes to gluteus maximus, some branches to piriformis

71
Q

Internal Pudendal artery

A
  • anterior division

- large branch, goes towards anal region

72
Q

Medial Thigh, Proximal to Distal sensory levels

A

L1-L3

73
Q

Medial Leg sensory levels

A

L3-L4

74
Q

big toe sensory levels

A

L4

75
Q

digits 2,3,4 sensory levels

A

L5

76
Q

little toe sensory levels

A

s1

77
Q

lateral leg sensory levels

A

L5-S1

78
Q

Lateral Thigh-Proximal to Distal sensory levels

A

L1-L5

79
Q

posterior thigh sensory level

A

S1-S2

80
Q

patellar reflex

A

L4

81
Q

EDL and EHL reflex

A

L5

82
Q

Achilles tendon reflex

A

S1

83
Q

Babinski reflex

A

L4-S3

  • in an adult= indicates a problem w/ a corticospinal tract
  • run reflex hammer handle from lateral side of foot to toes and want them to plantarflex
  • normal in babies, can be normal up to 4 years of age (normally ends by age 2)
84
Q

variations of sciatic nerve

A
  • sciatic nerve can pierce through piriforms (peroneal nerve usually does it)
  • patients with this get sciatic pain
  • can cause problems w/ gluteus medius bc it lies so close to piriformis= makes it hard to walk
85
Q

good place to do gluteal injections

A

at ilium (btwn ASIS and tubercle of iliac crest)= avoid nerves in this area

86
Q

Trendelenburg Sign

A

Problems w/ gluteus minimus and medius
ex. weak on right side, so when step on right side, left hip will drop and trunk will lean to affected side (right side in this example)
Hip drop on unaffected side

anatomy quiz (2 decks)

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