butaric Flashcards
Ischiopubic ramus
ischium and pubis, bridge btwn the two structures
Linea aspera
- on posterior femur
- has a medial and lateral lip
- Medial lip distally= becomes medial supracondylar line and vice versa
- Medial lip proximally= from pectineal line
- Lateral lip proximally= from gluteal tuberosity
Spiral Line
- on proximal femur
- continuation medially of intertrochanteric line
Quadrate Tubercle
on intertrochanteric crest
Popliteal tendon locations.
- located in the vertical (anterior) groove (distal femur) when knee extended
- in the oblique (posterior) groove (distal femur) when knee fully flexed.
sulci menisci
separate the patellar & tibial articular surfaces of the femoral condyles
patella
Largest sesamoid bone; forms within quadriceps femoris tendon
Only articulates with femur (patellar surface)
siding patellas
- Find apex of patella and set it on table w/ apex pointing away from you and facets on the table= will lean to a side
- Lateral facet is lateral and deeper= falls to lateral side
- If falls to a left side= left patella
ossification patterns of femur
-4 secondary centers: epiphysis appears at 6 months -femoral head appears at 1 year -greater trochanter appears at 4 years -lesser trochanter appears btwn years 11-12 -1 primary center (shaft)
ossification of patella
- very variable (sesamoid bone, forms in a tendon)
- can form from 3-6 ossification centers
- Sometimes fails to fuse depending on where ossification center comes from
- Can make it look like patella is broken in an xray
- Called a bipartite patella
number of bones that make up pelvis years 1-4
3 separate bones
triradiate suture
- line btwn all 3 bones of os coxa when starting to fuse
- Can see from age 4-14
Femoral Angle of Inclination
- Angle between neck and shaft
- Coxa valga= large angle of inclination
Femoral Angle of Declination (Torsion)
Anterior projection of neck from shaft
differences btwn chimp and human angle of declination
- Chimp femur= shaft is straight up and down and femoral head is right in line w/ greater trochanter
- Humans= shaft is at an angle= Brings distal aspect of femur closer to our body
- Have a higher neck= doesn’t meet up w/ greater trochanter like chimp femur does
- Femoral head= in line w/ lateral condyle= Allows us to walk for longer periods of time w/o tiring out
Superficial subcutaneous fascia components
Superficial fatty (Camper’s) Deep membranous (Scarpa’s)
Deep investing fascia components
Fascia lata:Thickened laterally (iliotibial band), thin medially
fascia cribosa= continuation of fascia lata, continues over saphenous hiatus; thoracolumbar fascia in back; investing cural fascia in leg; intermuscular septa of thigh & leg
Saphenous hiatus (fossa ovalis)
- oval shaped opening in deep fascia, allows for passage of great saphenous vein
- entrance for great saphenous vein to dump into femoral vein
- covered w/ fascia cribosa
iliotibial band
- Thickened tendon in lateral part of fascia lata: Iliotibial Band
- Helps keep knee extended and provides lateral stability when standing
- Attaches to ilium proximally and to lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) distally
- Receives insertion of tensor fascia lata m and gluteus maximus m
medial compartment of thigh components
Thigh Adductors= pectineus, gracillis, adductor magnus, obturator externus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
Obturator N
Medial Circumflex, profunda femoris & obturator arteries
anterior compartment of thigh components
“Quads” & other muscles
Knee Extensors & Thigh Flexors (iliopsoas, Sartorius, articularis genu,
Femoral N= all muscles done by this
Femoral Artery branches
posterior compartment of thigh components
“Hamstrings”= biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, plantaris, popliteus
Thigh Extensors & Knee Flexors
Sciatic n (primarily Tibial n)
Perforating branches from profunda femoris a
intermuscular septa that separates anterior and posterior compartment
lateral intermuscular septa
intermuscular septa that separates posterior and medial compartments
posterior intermuscular septa
intermuscular septa that separates medial and anterior compartments
medial intermuscular septa
quads muscles
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
Rectus Femoris
From: AIIS (anterior inferior iliac spine) (straight tendon) & groove above acetabulum (reflected tendon) (different from others bc attaches to hip and doesn’t come from femur, so it can act on the hip)
To: superior border of patella & tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament/tendon)
Action: Flex thigh* (bc crosses hip joint), extend knee
Nerve: Femoral N
Vastus Lateralis
From: lateral lip of linea aspera, (anchor feature) lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, lateral supracondylar line
To: lateral border of patella and tendon of quadriceps femoris, and tibial tuberosity (via patellar lig)
Action: Extend knee
Nerve: Femoral N
Vastus Medialis
From: distal intertrochanteric line, medial intermuscular septum, tendons of a. longus & magnus, proximal medial supracondylar line, medial lip of linea aspera
To: medial border of patella and tendon of quadriceps femoris, and tibial tuberosity (via patellar lig)
Action: Extend knee
Nerve: Femoral N
Vastus Intermedius
From: Proximal 2/3’s of anterior-lateral femur
To: quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity (via patellar ligament/tendon)
Action: Extend knee
Nerve: Femoral N
Iliopsoas
Iliacus + psoas major
Joint insertion to lesser trochanter of femur
Flexes thigh
innervation: femoral nerve
Articularis Genus
Anterior surface of distal femur (Deep to v. intermedius)
Draws synovial membrane of knee (proximally)
innervation: femoral nerve
sits under vastus intermedius
Sartorius
ASIS to superior-medial tibial body
Many functions = sitting “cross-legged” (like a tailor)
innervation: femoral nerve
courses laterally to medially
Allows for lateral rotation, hip flexion, knee flexion