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BIOL 224 > Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system

A
  • Transport dietary lipids (absorbing product of fat digestion in small intestine)
  • immune response (against pathogens)
  • Regulate interstitial fluid volume (returning to blood)

-filter lymph before returning to blood

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2
Q

Pathogen

A

Microscopic organism that causes disease

Viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria

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3
Q

Proliferation

A

When immune cells are stimulated to divide

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4
Q

Immunity

A

Ability to fight infection/disease

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5
Q

Susceptibility

A

Vulnerability or lack of resistance to disease

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6
Q

Antigen

A

Substance able to provoke an immune response

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7
Q

Protect the mucous membranes and don’t have a capsule.

Two types: tonsils and Peyers Patch

A

MALT

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8
Q

Innate immunity

A
  • Present from birth
  • response genetically predetermined
  • produces the same response every time
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9
Q

Phagocytic cells

A
  • Engulf and destroy foreign compounds and pathogens
  • 1st cellular defense
  • act as antigen presenting cells
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10
Q

Small phagocytic cell

A

Microphages

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11
Q

Phagocytic cell forms pseudopod to engulf target

A

Pseudopod

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12
Q

Formed when pseudopods engulf target

A

Phagosome

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13
Q

Heparinized

A

Prevent blood clot

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14
Q

Agglutinogen

A

Genetically determined antigens on the surface of ones erythrocytes

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15
Q

Agglutinins

A

Antibodies in plasma of blood

  • test presence of agglutinogens
  • bind to antigens
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16
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of total blood volume of comprised packed red cells.
OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY

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17
Q

Hematocrit calculation:

A

Red cell/total blood X 100

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18
Q

Normal hematocrit ranges

A

Male: 40-50%
Female: 36-45%

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19
Q

Agglutination

A

Antigen/antibody reaction that causes RBC to clump together

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20
Q

Clumping = positive or negative?

A

No agglutination = negative

Agglutination = positive

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21
Q

Leukocyte

A

WBC protecting the body against disease (5 types)

22
Q

Agranulocytes

A 
Lymphocytes = 25-30%
Monocytes = 3-8%

*no cytoplasmic granules

23
Q

Granulocytes

A 
Neutrophils = 60-70%
Eosinophils = 2-4%
Basophils = 0.5-1%

*contain cytoplasmic granules

24
Q

Class average {hematocrit}

A

Male: 62.4%
Female: 53.4%

25
Q

Heme

A

Iron containing compound of porphyrin

Forms non protein part of hemoglobin

26
Q

5 nodes

A 
Cervical
Axillary
Cubical
Intestinal
Inguinal
27
Q

Red pulp

A

Vascular tissue forming majority of the spleen

-venous sinus

28
Q

White pulp

A 
Lymphatic tissue (purple dots) in dark nuclei of lymphoid tissue
-central arteries
29
Q

Red pulp function

A

Store platelets
Hemopoiesis in fetal life
Macrophage remove old RBC

30
Q

White pulp function

A

“Islands” consisting of lymphocytes and macrophages

-T and B cells perform immune responses, while macrophages phagocytize (destroy pathogens)

31
Q

Lymphoid nodules

A

Composed of a compact mass of close and overlapping lymphoid cells

  • not distinct because no capsule
  • measure in mm
32
Q

Peyers Patch

A

Located in submucosa of ileum and colon

33
Q

Tonsils

A

Nodules in connective tissue deep to epithelia lining respiratory tract

34
Q

Two primary lymphatic organs

A

Red bone marrow and thymus gland

  • where lymphocytes form and mature
  • provide stem cells to divide and mature into B and T cells
35
Q

Secondary lymphatic organs

A

Where lymphocytes are activated: lymph nodes and spleen

-capsule, trabeculae, reticular fiber

36
Q

Lymphatic nodules: MALT

A

Tonsils and Peyers Patch

-egg shaped mass of lymphatic tissue not surrounded by capsule because they’re scattered through lamina propia of mucous membrane
(Line GI, urinary, respiratory tract/airway)

37
Q

Lysosomal enzymes

A

Digest targets

38
Q

Broken down components leave by:

A

Exocytosis

39
Q

Immunological surveillance

A

NK cells - lymphocyte

  • look for abnormal cells
  • release perforins
  • performs create a hole in abnormal cell membrane
  • causes lysis of cell and kills it
40
Q

Complement activation

A

30+ plasma proteins made in the liver

Can begin in 3 pathways

41
Q

Cytolysis

A

Complement proteins form membrane attack complex

42
Q

Opsonization

A

Complement proteins coat target cell and enhance phagocytosis
-increase inflammation, typically due to mast? Cells

43
Q

Interferon

A

Viruses that need host cell to replicate 3 types: alpha beta gamma

44
Q

Alpha and beta

A

Inhibit viral replication

Stops virus from replication within host cell

45
Q

Gamma

A

Produced by lymphocytes

Stimulates macrophages and neutrophils to kill bacteria

46
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Attracts other immune cells

47
Q

Inflammation

A

Localized tissue response to injury

48
Q

Macrophages

A

Phagocytic cell clean up cell debris and pathogens

Attract neutrophils and monocytes

49
Q

Fever

A

Greater than 37.7 C or 99.9 F

50
Q

Pyrogens

A

Reset internal thermostat in hypothalamus to higher set point

51
Q

Pyrogens functions

A

Can inhibit pathogen activity
Increases metabolic rate
Speeds up immune response

52
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

Body identified and recognizes foreign substances

Response should be better and faster each time it encounters the same pathogen

BIOL 224 (5 decks)

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