58 GI motility Flashcards
(26 cards)
3 types of laxatives
chemical stimulants
bulk stimulants
lubricants
laxative indications
short term relief of constipation
prevent straining
evacuate bowel for diagnostic procedures
removal of toxins
bulk stimulant laxatives
mag sulfate, mag citrate, mag hydroxide
lactulose
psyllium (metamucil)
docusate (Colace)
lubricating laxative
has a detergent action on the surface of the intestinal bolus, making a softer stool
glycerin (sani-supp)
lubricating laxative
hyperosmolar laxative used to gently evacuate rectum without systemic effects higher in GI tract
mineral oil (agoral plain)
lubricating laxative
forms a slippery coat on the contents of the intestinal tract
cascara
chemical stimulant
senna
chemical stimulant
castor oil
chemical stimulant
bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
chemical stimulant
OTC laxative
castor oil action
directly stimulates nerve plexus in the intestinal wall, causing increased movement and the stimulation of local reflexes
castor oil adverse effects
diarrhea abd cramps perianal irriation dizziness dependence
magnesium citrate action
bulk laxative that increases motility of GI tract by increasing fluid in the intestinal contents, which enlarges bulk, stimulates local stretch receptors, activates local activity
magnesium citrate adverse effects
diarrhea abd cramps bloating perianal irritation dizziness
mineral oil action
forms a slippery coat on contents of intestinal tract; less water is absorbed out of the bolus and is less likely to become hard and impacted
mineral oil adverse effects
diarrhea, leakage abd cramps bloating perianal irritation interference in absorption of fat soluble vitamins
gastrointestinal stimulants
dexpanthenol (Ilopan)
metoclopramide (Reglan)
dexpanthenol (Ilopan)
increases acetylcholine levels and stimulates parasympathetic system
metoclopramide (Reglan)
blocks dopamine receptors and makes GI cells more sensitive to acetylcholine
leads to increased GI activity and rapid movement of food through upper GI tract
metoclopramide (Reglan) indications
stimulation of gastric emptying
relief of diabetic gastroparesis
prevention of n/v
metoclopramide (Reglan) adverse effects
restlessness
drowsiness, fatigue
extrapyramidal effects
nausea, diarrhea
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) action
anti-diarrheal
coats lining of GI tract and soothes irritation stimulating local reflexes to cause excessive GI activity
loperamide (Imodium) action
anti-diarrheal directly affects muscle layers of GI tract to slow peristalsis and allow increased time for absorption of fluid/electrolytes
opium derivatives (Paregoric)
anti-diarrheal
stimulates spasm within GI tract, stops peristalsis and diarrhea
