Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

POD > 5.8 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods > Flashcards

5.8 Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

how does Brucella spp. stain

A

gram negative and acid-fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what type of bacteria are brucella spp.

A

facultative anaerobes, capnophilic, nutritionally fastidious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the term for bacteria that require CO2 to grow and name an example

A

capnophilic; brucella spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are brucella spp. intracellular or extracellular pathogens

A

neither; facultative intracellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what part of the body does Brucella spp. target

A

reproductive organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what bacteria causes undulant fever in humans

A

brucella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 4 brucella spp. have zoonotic potential

A

B. abortus
B. melitensus
B. suis
B. canis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the sources of Brucella infection

A

infected animals (primarily cattle, sheep, goats and caribou) and infected animal products (birth fluid, fetus, placenta, milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the main ROUTE of Brucella transmission

A

mainly ingestion; also through breaks in the skin or in airborne infection of labs or abbatoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

who does Brucella mainly infect

A

veterinarians, consumers of raw milk, producers, butchers, lab workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the incubation period of Brucella

A

2-4 weeks (can be up to 2+ months)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what Brucella spp. are reportable in Canada? how does this differ from the list with zoonotic potential?

A

B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis (all of these also have zoonotic potential, B. canis is missing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what species does brucella abortus infect

A

cattle (obligate pathogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the Brucella abortus status in Canada

A

eradicated everywhere except for in Wood Buffalo national park

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the spores, capsule and motility of B. abortus

A

has none of them (non motile, non-capsulated, non-spore forming)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does Brucella abortus survive in the environment

A

for months but does not grow very well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how do cattle get B. abortus

A

ingestion, nasal and oral mucosae, includes inhalation and wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what cells does B. abortus infect

A

invades any epithelial cells or M cells in the intestine; then survives inside phagocytes and non-phagocytic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does B. abortus cause placentitis

A

inside macrophages it travels to the placenta, where it uses erythritol to multiply massively in the placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in what organs does B. abortus cause infection (2)

A

reticulo-endothelial system and placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what diseases does B. abortus cause

A
  • contagious abortion in cows
  • epididymitis and orchitis
  • placentitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the pattern of abortion that B. abortus causes in
- cows
- calves < 6 months
- calves > 6 months

A

cows: abort once or twice after which they don’t abort again but shed the organism at parturition

calves < 6 months clear

calves > 6 months persist for list and “breakdown” at each calving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

when were Canadian cattle herds declared free of B. abortus and due to what efforts

A

federal test-and-slaughter program using 2 tests (rapid buffered plate test followed and positives were followed by serum agglutination and complement fixation); declared free in 1995

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how does Canada maintain a Brucella-free status in Canada

A

Bovine Surveillance System run by the CFIA -> random sampling at slaughter, targeted surveillance, import/export and AI testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what happens if a positive serological test is detected in Canada
the herd will be investigated and further tested -> quarantine, further testing, destruction of animals producers may get compensation
26
how many biovars does B. suis have and what one do we care about (in what animals)
4; we care about biovar 4 in wild caribou and reindeer
27
T/F slaughter serological screening includes both B. abortus and B. suis
T
28
what disease does B. suis cause
chronic inflammation of reproductive tract, stillbirth, neonatal mortality, sterility (temporary)
29
how do we diagnose B. suis
rose-bengal plate agglutination -> culture and PCR
30
where is B. canis prevalent in Canada
puppy mills and in imported dogs
31
where is B. canis very common
countries with free-ranging dogs (ex. Mexico)
32
what does B. canis cause
chronic, persistent reticuloendothelial infection, bacteremia, vertebral osteomylitis, late-term abortion, epididymitis, orchitis
33
how do you treat B. canis
long-term treatment with tetracycline (aminoglycosides may be effective)
34
where is B. ovis present
almost all sheep-raising countries
35
what does B. ovis cause
epididymitis, abortions, lamb mortality, placentitis, genital lesions in rams
36
what are the 2 ways to detect B. ovis and which is preferred for routine diagnosis
- direct isolation from semen, vaginal discharge or milk of ewes - indirect diagnosis based on serological tests Indirect diagnosis (serological testing) is preferred for routine diagnosis)
37
burns that are inflamed and infected with a sweet smell and green tinge should make you immediately suspect
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
38
what is unique about that way that P. aeruginosa is cultured
green colonies!
39
P. aeruginosa is aerobic/anaerobic
strict aerobe
40
where is P. aeruginosa ubiquitious and what does this mean in terms of infection
in water and soil ; opportunistic (immunocompromised or burn patients)
41
what host cells kill P. aeruginosa and what does this mean in terms of infection
neutrophils; occurs in neutropenic, immunocompromised patients
42
what makes treating P. aeruginosa difficult
resistant to many antibiotics (P in ESKAPE)
43
are there vaccines for P. aeruginosa
only in mink
44
what bacteria is one of the main causes of otitis EXTERNA in dogs? how does it appear?
P. aeruginosa; purulent
45
name a disease caused by P. aeruginosa in the following species: - dogs - horses - sheep
dogs: otitis externa horses: corneal ulcers sheep: fleece rot
46
what disease does Moraxella bovis cause and why is it a problem
infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (pink-eye): conjunctivitis -> keratitis -> corneal ulceration -> blindness the animals do not eat well, creating welfare and production issues
47
how is Moraxella bovis transmitted
by flies or direct contact from carrier cows
48
what is one of the main virulence factors for Moraxella bovis
RTX haemolysin; other lytic enzymes; abundant pili for adhesion (also creates antigenic variation)
49
how do we control and treat infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis caused by Moraxella bovis
fly control, early diagnosis; antibiotics, NO VACCINE
50
bartonella spp. are easy or difficult to culture
difficult
51
what type of secretion system do Bartonella spp. use
Type IV secretion system (vs Salmonella which uses a Type III secretion system)
52
is Bartonella intracellular or extracellular and in what cells (if intracellular)
intracellular in RBC and vascular endothelium
53
what does Bartonella cause
persistent, usually subclinical bacteremia
54
how is Bartonella transmitted between cats
fleas and ticks
55
what disease does Bartonella henselae cause
cat scratch fever (bacteremia)
56
how is B. henselae spread between cats
fleas
57
what disease does B. henselae cause in cats and in people
cats: usually subclinical bacteremia humans: cat scratch fever
58
how do we diagnose Bartonella henselae
PCR
59
what is the treatment for cat scratch fever (2 different considerations to keep in mind...) how do we prevent cats from B. henselae?
healthy individuals: not treated as poor response to antibiotic treatment immunocompromised individuals: aggressive antibiotic treatment hygiene and flea control
60
what is the A in ESKAPE
Acinetobacter baumannii
61
what is the importance of acinetobacter baumannii
emerged more recently as an important nosocomial pathogen and is appearing in veterinary hospitals
62
your clients ask you about cases of septicemia and meningitis in humans following bites from their dogs... they are very concerned about their risk.. what do you tell them (first of all, what is the agent, second of all, what is the risk)
the agent is called Capnocytophaga canimorsus and it is part of the normal flora of dogs; is usually not a problem in healthy adults; predisposing factors include alcoholism, splenectomy, cancer treatment.... long term antibiotic treatment with PenG is usually successful following the infection

POD (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions