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Systemic Disease > 13. Renal Disease > Flashcards

13. Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is azotemia?

A

Build up of nitrogenous products in blood

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2
Q

What are the common findings of chronic renal failure?

A

*Pruritis
Vomiting
Muscle twitches and cramps

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3
Q

What are the 2 most important labs for diagnosing chronic renal failure?

A

BUN

Creatinine

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4
Q

What is the most common ocular finding of chronic renal failure?

A

Band K

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5
Q

What is te most common nephrotic syndrome?

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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6
Q

What causes diabetic nephropathy?

A

Glomerular sclerosis and fibrosis from metabolic changes in DM

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7
Q

How is an albumin screening done?

A

24 hour urine analysis

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8
Q

Nephropathy occurs how long after onset of DM?

A

10 years

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9
Q

Renal failure occurs how long after nephropathy?

A

10 years

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10
Q

What is the Alport syndrome triad?

A

Hereditary nephritis
Deafness
Ocular anomalies

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11
Q

Alport syndrome includes a basement membrane disorder specific to what?

A

Renal glomeruli

  • Cochlea
  • Retina
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12
Q

What is the hallmark anterior seg finding in Alport syndrome?

A

Anterior lenticonus

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13
Q

What are the ocular findings in Alport syndrome?

A

PDS
Anterior lenticonus
Retinal flecks
May have S and P fundus

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14
Q

What are the three forms of aniridia syndrome associated with Wilm’s tumor?

A

AN1
AN2
AN3

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15
Q

What are the findings of AN1?

A

Only ocular

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16
Q

What are the findings of AN2?

A 
WAGR complex (includes the following):
Wilm's tumor
Aniridia
genitourinary anomalies
Mental retardation
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17
Q

What are the findings of A3?

A

AR
Aniridia
Mental deficiency
Ataxia

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18
Q

What should happen to respiratory rate in lactic (metabolic) acidosis?

A

Increased respiratory rate

19
Q

What is Phenylketonuria?

A

Inability to metabolize phenylalanine to tyrosine

20
Q

What is the most common systemic finding of phenylketonuria?

A

Mousy body odor

21
Q

What organs does amyloidosis affect?

A

Heart
Kidneys
Adrenals
Liver

22
Q

What are the systemic findings of amyloidosis?

A

Cutaneous hemorrhages - bloodhound appearance

23
Q

When is secondary amyloidosis seen?

A

After chronic infectious or inflammatory disease (TB, leprosy, RA, AS, IBS)

24
Q

What are the common ocular findings of secondary amyloidosis?

A

Prominent corneal nerves

“string of pearls” vitreous

25
Q

What is Meretoja Syndrome?

A

Familial amyloidosis and corneal lattice dystrophy 2

26
Q

What is Gaucher’s disease?

A

Products of fat metabolism depositied in bone marrow

27
Q

What are the ocular findings of Gaucher type 1?

A

Severe uveitis

28
Q

What are the ocular findings of Gaucher type 2?

A

Blindness

Cherry red spot

29
Q

What is Neiman-Pick?

A

Build up of sphingo-myelin or cholesterol in the tissues

30
Q

What are the common findings of Nieman-Pick?

A

Cherry red spot
Corneal opacities
Brown lens capsule
Peri-foveal crystalloid deposits in adults

31
Q

What things cause a cherry red spot?

A

Methanol poisoning
Quinine poisoning
Dapsone toxicity
Storage diseases

32
Q

What are the causes of acidosis with elevated anion gap?

A

Ketoacidosis

Intoxication

33
Q

What is the important cause of acidosis with a normal anion gap?

A

Acetazolamide

34
Q

What drug type can cause chloride responsive alkalosis?

A

Diuretics

35
Q

What drug type can cause chloride resistant alkalosis?

A

Loop diuretics

Thiazides

36
Q

What causes cystinosis?

A

Error of amino acid metabolism

37
Q

What causes Fanconi syndrome?

A

Defective carrier mediated transport of cystine

38
Q

What is the common problem caused by Fanconi syndrome?

A

Progressive renal dysfunction

39
Q

All 3 types of Fanconi present in the cornea how?

A

As crystals

40
Q

Which type of cystinosis presents with symptomatic corneal crystals?

A

Infantile nephropathic cystinosis

41
Q

Homocystinuria is a metabolic disorder of what?

A

The amino acid methionine

42
Q

Homocystinuria is toxic to endothelial cells, causes what?

A

Increased platelet adhesion

43
Q

Because of the increased platelet adhesion, homocystinuria has a higher risk of what?

A

Thrombus formation

44
Q

What are the common ocular findings of homocystinuria?

A 
Blue sclera
Ectopia lentis
Cataracts
high myopia
CRA occlusion

Systemic Disease (12 decks)

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