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Pharm test 2 > Chapter 18/19 > Flashcards

Chapter 18/19 Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha 1 Adrenergic Function

A
  • Increase cardiac contractility and vasoconstriction
  • Dilate Pupils, decrease salivary gland secretion
  • Increase bladder and prostate contraction
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2
Q

Alpha 2 Adrenergic Function

A
  • Inhibit norepinephrine release

- Decrease GI motility and tone

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3
Q

Beta 1 Adrenergic Function

A
  • Increase Cardiac contractility

- Increase renin secretion

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4
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic function

A
  • Decreases GI tone and motility
  • Activates liver glycogenolysis
  • Bronchodilation
  • Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles
  • decreases uterine tone
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5
Q

Inactivation of Neurotransmitters

A
  1. reuptake of the transmitter back into the neuron
  2. enzymatic transformation or degradation
  3. diffusion away from the receptor
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6
Q

2 Enzymes that inactivate the metabolism of norepinephrine

A
  1. Monoamine oxidase (MAO)

2. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)

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7
Q

How do drugs stop the termination of the neurotransmitter?

A
  1. By inhibiting the norepinephrine reuptake, which prolongs the action of the transmitters
  2. inhibiting the degradation of norepinephrine by enzyme action
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8
Q

Adrenergic agonists

A

sympathomimetics or adrenomimetics

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9
Q

adrenergic blockers

A

sympatholytics or adrenolytics

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10
Q

Where are adrenergic receptor sites?

A

cells of muscles such as heart, bronchiole walls, GI tract, urinary bladder, and ciliary muscle

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11
Q

Categories of sympathomimetics

A
  1. direct-acting (directly stimulate: epinephrine/norepinephrine)
  2. indirect-acting (stimulate the release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings: amphetamine)
  3. mixed-acting (both direct and direct which stimulate the adrenergic receptor sites and stimulate release of norepinephrine from terminal nerve endings: ephedrine)
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12
Q

Epinephrine

A
  • Nonselective
  • Action: Alpha 1, Beta 1 and 2
  • Contraindications: dysrhythmias, cerebral arteriosclerosis, pregnancy, narrow angle-glaucoma, cardiogenic shock.
  • PK: subq/im/iv
  • Quick onset–> lasts 1 to 3 hrs
  • Action: inotropic, vasoconstrictor, bronchodilator
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13
Q

Albuterol

A

Selective: B2 adrenergic

  • treat bronchospasm, asthma, bronchitis, COPD
  • Side effects: tremors, dizziness, hallucinations, cardia dysrhythmias
  • Increase effect with other sympathomimetics,MAO inhib, TCAs
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14
Q

Adrenergic blockers OR sympatholytics

A
  • Block by occupying receptors (Directly)

- By inhibiting the release of norep/epi (indirectly)

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15
Q

Alpha-Adrenergic blockers

A
  • Selective: block A1

- Nonselective: block A1/A2

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16
Q

Alpha-Adrenergic blocker function

A

-vasodilation
-decrease BP
-Reflex tachycardia
-Decrease symptoms of BPH and PVD
(cardura, regitine, minipress, hytrin)

17
Q

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

A
  • Block beta 1: decrease BP and P

- Block beta 2: uterine contraction, bronchoconstriction

18
Q

Non-selective Beta-Adrenergic

A

Inderal

  • used for angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertension, heart failure
  • Side effects: weight gain, impotence, decreased libido, alopecia
19
Q

Selective beta-adrenergic blocker

A

metopropol, atenolol
-side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, dysrhythmias, headaches, dizziness, fainting, fatigue, mental depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blood dyscrasias, hypoglycemia

20
Q

Adrenergic neuron blockers

A

Drugs that block the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic terminal neurons
-used to decrease blood pressure
(reserpine, guanethinidine, guanadrel)

21
Q

Cholinergics/ Parasympathomimetics

A

mimic acetylcholine

22
Q

Cholinergic Receptors

A
  1. muscarinic: stimulate smooth muscle and slow heart rate

2. nicotinic receptors: affect skeletal muscles

23
Q

Cholinergic Agonists

A
  1. Direct: act on the receptors to activate tissue response

2. indirect: inhibit acetylcholinesterase

24
Q

Cholinergic action in cardiovascular

A

decrease P and BP, vasodilation, slows conduction of AV node

25
Q

Cholinergic action in GI

A

increase tone and motility, increase peristalsis, relax sphincter muscles

26
Q

Cholinergic action in GU

A

contract bladder, increase ureter tone, relax sphincter muscles, stimulate urination

27
Q

Cholinergic action in eye

A

pupil constriction, increase accomodation

28
Q

Cholinergic action in lungs

A

bronchial constriction, increase secretions

29
Q

Cholinergic action in striated muscle

A

increase neuromuscular transmission

30
Q

Direct acting cholinergics

A

selective to muscarinic receptors

  • located in smooth muscles
  • Side effects: hypotension, bradycardia, blurred vision, miosis, excessive salivation, sweating, increased gastric acid, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction
31
Q

Indirect acting cholinergics

A
  • function: break down cholinesterase enxyme into choline and acetic acid
  • function: allow ach to activate receptors
  • Effects: stimulate skeletal muscles, increase tone, GI motility, bradycardia, bronchial constriction
32
Q

Antiocholinergics

A
  • heart: large doses increase P, small decrease P
  • lungs: bronchodilation, decrease secretions
  • GI: relax smooth muscle tone, decrease peristalsis, decrease secretions
  • GU: relax destrusor muscle, increase sphincter constriction
  • Eye: dilate pupils, decrease accomodation
  • Glands: decrease salivation, perspiration
  • CNS: Decrease tremors and rigidity
33
Q

Alpha 1 Receptor

A
  • Vascular smooth muscle

- vasoconstriction

34
Q

Alpha 2 Receptor

A

Adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals

-decrease neurotransmitter release

35
Q

Beta 1 receptor

A

heart

increase in rate and force of contraction

36
Q

Beta 2 receptor

A

Broncial smooth muscle

Bronchodilation

Pharm test 2 (9 decks)

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