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lecture tests > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The Tympanic membrane and the hypothalamus share what

A

The same blood supply so very accurate measurements of blood temperature can be obtained

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2
Q

Brachycardia

A

bradycardia [brad″e-kahr´de-ah]

slowness of the heartbeat, so that the pulse rate is less than 60 per minute. This can occur in normal persons, particularly during sleep; trained athletes also usually have slow pulse and heart rates.

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3
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid heart rate.

is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.[1] In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults.[1] Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).

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4
Q

What are the minimal labeling requirements for blood bank samples

A
  • Full name
  • ID number
  • date of birth
  • date and time of collection
  • phlebotomist initials
  • indicating where the specimen was drawn from
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5
Q

Most blood being samples require what tops

A

Large red topped, lavender or pink top

No PEdi tubes or SST

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6
Q

The blood bank samples minimum labeling requirements must be checked by how many nurses prior to transfusion

A

Two nurses must match these numbers prior to transfusion

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7
Q

The requirements for being able to donate blood

A

Donors are interviewed to determine eligibility

Must be at least 17 years old and after 66 you must be in good enough health to donate

Must weigh minimum of 110 pounds

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8
Q

Donated blood is used for what

A

Collection to be used to transfuse others

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9
Q

Can just any phlebotomist do donation collection?

A

No it requires special training and exceptional VP skills

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10
Q

What gauge needle is used in donation

A

16 gauge needle

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11
Q

What is the arm cleaned with for blood donations

A

Ispropyl alcohol and Betadine

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12
Q

How long does blood donation take

A

15 minutes

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13
Q

Blood cultures are taken usually because

A

FUO or suspicion of Septicemia

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14
Q

A blood culture is used to detect what

A

used to detect type of bacteria in the blood and which best antibiotic to use

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15
Q

Blood cultures also help to determine

A

Usefulness of treatment

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16
Q

What is a blood culture

A

Blood cultures are aerobic and anaerobic bottles they’re used to grow bacteria in the blood to determine what the infection in the body is

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17
Q

Autologous blood donation can be done but may take how long to prepare

A

It could take up to several weeks prior to surgery to collect enough blood for autologous blood donation

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18
Q

What must your hemoglobin be at in order to do an autologous blood donation

A

Your Hgb must be at least 11 to donate

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19
Q

When drawing blood cultures it is very important to keep everything what

A

Sterile

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20
Q

A blood culture is usually drawn in sets of

A

Two, three, four, five, or six,. These are usually drawn every 15 minutes to 30 minutes

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21
Q

A blood culture draw consists of two bottles

A

Aerobic bottle and anaerobic bottle

The broth in the anaerobic allows bacteria that does not need air to grow

Broth in the aerobic bottle grows bacteria that needs air grow

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22
Q

Drawing a blood culture using a butterfly needle which bottle do you draw first

A

You always want to use the aerobic bottle first as it is the broth that grows bacteria that needs air and the line from the butterfly needle will bleed air into the sample which is already present

If you do the anaerobic first you will ruin the sample

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23
Q

When drawing a blood culture it is important to double prep the skin because why

A

Because failure to properly prepare the skin can lead to a false positive

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24
Q

Blood culture prep cleaners include

A

Tincture of iodine, but must be removed after procedure due to allergic reaction’s impossible effects on the thyroid and liver

Multiple isopropyl alcohol pads

Chlorhexedine gluconate, must not be used on infants less than two months old

Povidine/ 70% ethyl alcohol combination

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25
Q

Can you draw blood for a blood culture directly into a blood culture bottles

A

No, because there is risk of reflux into the vein of the broth

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26
Q

May blood to be drawn directly into a SPS tube (yellow top) and then transferred into a BC medium

A

Yes this is acceptable

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27
Q

Blood culture tubes will except about how many cc of blood

A

7 to 10 cc

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28
Q

Antimicrobial removal device

A

An ARD Is a device to remove antibiotics from the blood so the blood can be put in a blood culture

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29
Q

How long should an ARD device be allowed to hold the blood

A

No more than two hours

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30
Q

Why might you need to cool a specimen

A

In order to slow down Metabolism some specimens require complete immersion in a slurry of ice and water

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31
Q

What are some specimens that need to be immersed in a slurry of ice and water

A

Ammonia, green top tube

Arterial blood gas, which in Massachusetts a phlebotomist is not allowed to do

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32
Q

Light-sensitive specimens

A

Bilirubin

Vit B

Carotene

Folate

33
Q

Light-sensitive specimens can be protected by what

A

A light blocking tube or wrapping samples in aluminum foil or paper towel

34
Q

Therapeutic phlebotomy is used for what

A

The treatment for diseases that require the removal of blood

35
Q

Polycythemia is a disease that requires therapeutic phlebotomy. What does this disease do

A

It is an overproduction of red blood cells, blood drawn one HET gets too high

36
Q

Hemochromatosis is a disease requiring therapeutic phlebotomy. What does this disease do

A

It makes an excess of iron deposits in the tissue, defect in iron metabolism.

37
Q

GTT is used for what

A

To detect DM and hypoglycemia

38
Q

When taking a GTT PT must do what

A

Fast for between 12 to 16 hours, and water only, no gum, no smoking

39
Q

A GTT measures what

A

Measures insulin response to a measure dose of glucose

40
Q

Insulin is produced where and does what

A

It is produced in the pancreas and regulates glucose

41
Q

a fasting blood sugar, FBS, checked during a GTT must be below this number.

A

200

42
Q

If fasting blood sugar during a GTT is over 200 what must happen

A

Medical doctor must be notified, urine may also be collected

43
Q

How much of the glucose drink is an adult given during a GTT

A

Approximately 75 to 100 grams of glucose

44
Q

Symptoms of diabetes (DM)

A

Sudden weight loss

Polyuria

Polydipsia

Polyphagia

45
Q

Polyurea

A

Excessive urination

46
Q

Polydipsia

A

Excessive thirst

47
Q

Polyphagia

A

Excessive hunger

48
Q

How long is the GTT usually

A

A glucose tolerance test is usually 3 hours possibly 6 hours

49
Q

What is the GCT

A

It is a glucose count test, commonly used her pregnancy to see if you have pregnancy induced diabetes

50
Q

The patient allowed to leave the facility during a GTT

A

No

51
Q

Chain of custody specimens

A

Usually requested by law-enforcement or other officials for legal reasons

52
Q

Most common chain of custody tests

A

Drug testing

alcohol screens

DNA analysis

53
Q

When collecting a chain of custody specimen what do you need to do

A

Detailed documentation of the specimen from collection to testing

May need a healthcare provider to proctor collection of urine

Phlebotomist may need to check patient’s ID

54
Q

Phlebotomist must remember one collecting chain of custody specimens that you may end up doing what

A

Testifying in court

55
Q

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)

A

Done to establish therapeutic ranges and avoid toxicity

Test usually run on infants testing peaks and troughs

56
Q

What is a peak level in TDM

A

A peak,maximum, levels are collected when the highest level as expected usually 30 to 60 minutes after dose

57
Q

What is a trough level in reference to TDM

A

A trough, minimum, level is collected when the lowest level is expected. Usually prior to the next dose

58
Q

Why is it important to do TDM on infants

A

If infants are given to high of a dose of antibiotics can cause deafness

59
Q

Bleeding time test are used for what

A

Detecting PLT function disorders by testing PLT plug formation in the capillaries

60
Q

Bleeding time test is used for safety reasons in regards to what Preprocedure

A

A test for clotting problems are used for presurgical screening

61
Q

If doing a bleeding time test what is important to ask the PT

A

Have you taken any blood thinning substances for up to two weeks prior to testing

Including but not limited to aspirin, Coumadin, heparin

62
Q

If performing a bleeding time test and PT admits to taking a blood thinner substance for up to two weeks prior to testing what do you need to do

A

Call M.D. immediately

63
Q

The bleeding time test may cause what

A

Scarring

64
Q

Leaving time test is normally how long

A

2 to 8 minutes

This is a test retake a coffee filter like substance and wake up the blood until it they stop bleeding.

It is very important that you do not break the PLT plug

65
Q

Bleeding time test procedure

A

Select forearm area

If hairy may need to shave

Clean site with alcohol, allowed to dry

Place BP cuff around arm and inflate to 40 mmHg

Depress the trigger while starting the timer, remove device

Blot the blood every 30 seconds by bringing filter paper close to the incision and work the blood but do not touch the incision

Continue to blot to the filter paper no longer picks up blood

Stop the timer and record the results to the nearest 30 seconds

If bleeding continues longer than 30 minutes the test is stopped

Remove the car, apply bandage and instruct patient to keep covered for 24 hours

66
Q

POCT

A

Point of care testing, also known as bedside testing

Brings the lab location to the patient

67
Q

In POCT it is important to have QC

A

Quality control must be understood by the operator, proper machine maintenance is needed to ensure accurate results in point of care testing

68
Q

Test that can be done through POCT

A

Glucose

Hemoglobin (HGB)

Cholesteryl

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Urine analysis (UA)

Strept

Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

69
Q

When drawing a blood alcohol specimen it is acceptable to clean the arm with

A

Benzalkonium chloride

70
Q

Which of the following is the most critical part of blood culture collection

A

Antisepsis of the collection site

71
Q

TDM peak concentration may be defined as the

A

The highest concentration of the drug during the dosing interval

72
Q

When preforming a GTT, the fasting specimen is drawn at 8:15 and the patient finishes the glucose beverage at 8:20. When should a one hour specimen be collected

A

920

73
Q

What is the color of stopper for a CTAD what type of test is it used for and why

A

Light blue: coagulation: to inhibit platelet activation

74
Q

What type of specimen is needed for a guaiac test

A

Feces

75
Q

Which test must have a 9 to 1 ratio of blood anticoagulant in the collection tube

A

Protime

76
Q

What test is collected in a trace element free tube

A

Aluminum

77
Q

Common chemistry test performed by POCT instruments include

A

Sodium(NA) and potassium(K)

78
Q

What test measures packed cell volume

A

Hematocrit test (Hct)

lecture tests (11 decks)

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