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lecture tests > Week 7 > Flashcards

Week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Non blood samples labeling req?

A

same as blood

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2
Q

Where do you place the label of a non blood specimen?

A

label should be applied to container, NOT THE LID

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3
Q

Should all fluid be treated as infectious

A

YES

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4
Q

Microbiology tests what

A

all non blood specimen

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5
Q

Phlebotomists duties for specimen collection

A
  • Check with MD orders and ID the Pt
  • Wash hands before and after all collections
  • Use appropriate PPE
  • Instruct the Pt in any dietary changes needed
  • Instruct the Pt in proper collection
  • Package specimen to prevent leakage and damage (twist the lid tight!!)
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6
Q

What are the ten “rights” of specimen collection

A
  • The right Pt
  • The right Specimen
  • Time
  • Amount (if you are unsure ask)
  • Requisition
  • Container
  • Label
  • Method
  • Asepsis (cleansing of site area)
  • Attitude
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7
Q

C+S (Culture and Sensitivity

A

Test to ID harmful bacteria in the body and which antibiotics would be effective

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8
Q

Body’s good bacteria is called

A

normal Flora

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9
Q

C+S spec. is place in what to grow and for how long

A

a growth medium like gel, broth, petri dish

the culture is left in the growth med. until something grows, 24 hrs to a week

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10
Q

Urine

A

most frequently analyzed non-blood sample

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11
Q

OP (oup pt) urine collection is done by who

A

The phlebotomist

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12
Q

What fluid is used to test for UTI’s

A

Urine

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13
Q

Can UA be ordered randomly

A

Yes, unless it is a fasting UA or first AM collection

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14
Q

UTI can have a smell

A

like rotten fish

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15
Q

MD gives urine a oder

A

a fruity boqet

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16
Q

Routine UA must be collected in what container

A

non sterile, and sample must be refrigerated if not tested right away

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17
Q

Routine UA sample is preferred collected in what

A

Midstream, to avoid hairs, genital secretions and skin contaminants

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18
Q

Routine UA can be used to test for both

A

urinary problem and systemic problems

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19
Q

Three parts to Routine UA

A
  • Physical
  • Chemical
  • Microscopic
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20
Q

Routine UA

Physical

A

inspect for odor, transparency (clear or cloudy), clolor

clear you can read letters
cloudy cannot read letters

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21
Q

Routine UA

Chemical

A 
Plastic strips dipped into urine, strips are impregnated with reagents that can test for 
Bacteria 
Glucose
Protein
WBC
RBC
and other substances

These results are not able to DX but give reason for more testing

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22
Q

Routine UA

Microscopic

A

Specimen is centrifuged and the sediment is examined under microscope

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23
Q

Which steps of Routine UA can be done by the phlebotomist

A

Physical and Chemical are CLIA waived and can be

but Microscopic must be performed by a lab tec

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24
Q

UA and UC samples can be shared?

A

Yes, but must be collected with UC sample requirements

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25
Q

UC (Urine Culture) test is done for what

A

Done on Pt with S/S of a UTI

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26
Q

UC must be collected in what container

A

a sterile container and transported to lab immediately or refrigerated

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27
Q

UC takes how long to incubate

A

about 18-24 hrs,

28
Q

UC Bacteria is grown then

A

it is identified and tested for antibiotic sensitivity

29
Q

Explain collection of UA without embarrassing the PT

A
  1. Go into the bathroom
  2. Wash hands before
  3. Urinate a little bit into the toilet
  4. Fill cup about 1/2 way
  5. Wash hands
  6. Put cover on tight and bring to me
30
Q

Explain collection of UC without embarrassing Pt

A
  1. Go to the bathroom
  2. Wash hands
  3. Use all 3 wipe provided to clean the area
    Men-wipe in a circular motion over the area, use all 3 towels
    Women-wipe front to back use 1 towel for the left, 1 for the right, and 1 for the middle.
  4. Urinate a little bit into the toilet
  5. Fill cup about 1/2 way
  6. Wash hands
  7. Put cover on tight and bring to me
31
Q

Urine for Cytology

Cytology tests for cancer

A

very rare, but used to detect cancer and other viral disease of the Urinary System

32
Q

Urine for cytology samples can be preserved how

A

if the smear is not viewed right away on microscope slide, it can be preserved with 50% alcohol

33
Q

24 hr Urine Collection

A

All urine is collected for 24 hours starting after the first void of the morning and ending with the first void the following morning.

Must be refrigerated or kept in a cooler

34
Q

For a 24hr urine collection should the Pt increase their fluid intake

A

NO, pt should be reminded not to do this

35
Q

Catheterized Urine is used for wht

A

to collect a sterile spec, a nurse can perform this

36
Q

Suprapubic Collection

A

A surgical procedure where a MD punctures the bladder to collect sample

37
Q

Pediatric Urine Collection device

A

A plastic bag with adhesive to adhere to the genital area

38
Q

Pedi Urine Collection bag stays until

A

you see urine,

clean area and cut a slit in diaper, pull bag through so you can see as soon as the baby voids and remove device

39
Q

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is usually tested because of what

A

Meningitis

40
Q

Meningitis Sx are what

A

Headache
extreme neck pain
photophobia (cannot stand light)
High fever

41
Q

CSF appears

A

clear and colorless and is the fluid that circulated the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord

42
Q

CSF is obtained by

A

MD through a LP (lumbar puncture)

43
Q

What test are included in CSF

A

Glucose, cell count, and protein

increased WBC is associated with meningitis

44
Q

CSF should be delivered

A

STAT

45
Q

CSF needs to be handled with what

A

CARE, it is a very infectious fluid and PPE must be used for your saftey

46
Q

Sputum collection is what

A

is the collection of phlegm from deep inside the lungs

47
Q

Sputum container must be what

A

sterile, instruct Pt not to touch inside

48
Q

Sputum collection instruction

A

Ask if Pt has eating, if so bust gargle first

Pt should take 3 deep breaths, on 3rd exhalation cough deeply from the lungs to bring up the thick sputum. Slavia is not acceptable

spit it into the sterile container, must have 2-3 teaspoons

49
Q

What is the best specimen for Sputum

A

The first morning is the best

sometimes the collection is ordered on 3 consecutive days

50
Q

Semen is tested for what

A

to assess fertility and effectiveness after a vasectomy

51
Q

Semen is collected in what container

A

sterile

52
Q

Semen is sensitive to

A

light and cold. Spec must kept warm and in the dark or the sperm will start to die.

Must be tested immediately

53
Q

Sometimes Semen could be collected for

A

Forensic reasons

54
Q

Stool specimen

A

is used to evaluation of gastrointestinal disorders

test for O+P and Salmonella (can cause food poisoning, raw eggs)

Can be cultured for bacteria (C&S)

55
Q

Can a Pt do stool sample at home

A

Yes, pt may take cup home if unable to defecate in the office
Only 1-2 teaspoons is needed

56
Q

Screening for what is done to stool

A

colon cancers. It is testing for OB (occult blood) in stool

Instruct Pt to avoid red meat for 3 days prior to test

57
Q

What container should stool be put in

A

Collect in clean dry containers , not necessary sterile

58
Q

Stool samples should be refriderated

A

Yes, unless it is being tested for O+P

59
Q

Throat Culture Collection is usually done for

A

Dx of strep infections

60
Q

When collecting a Throat culture

A

do not touch teeth, gums, or tongue with culturette and aim for the red, swollen, yellow, or green areas

Use a mask if Pt appears to have a strong gag reflex

61
Q

Amniotic Fluid is

A

clear almost colorless to pale yellow fluid

62
Q

Amniotic fluid is collected when

A

15 Weeks of gestation

obtained by MD

63
Q

Amniocentesis

A

is a procedure where a physician obtains amniotic fluid to detect genetic disorders such as downs syndrome

There is a 1 in 200 chance the baby will be aborted from the procedure

64
Q

Bone Marrow produces what

A

blood cells

65
Q

Bone marrow is extracted to detect what

A

identify blood diseases

66
Q

bone marrow is take from where

A

the iliac crest (hip bone) or sternum

67
Q

Hair samples are taken to test for

A

heavy metal analysis

detect drug abuse

lecture tests (11 decks)

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