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Geography > Population and settlement > Flashcards

Population and settlement Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the population dynamics since 1900s

A

Slow growth, then a big boom in 1970-s

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2
Q

Which changes in population are natural?

A

Births and deaths

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3
Q

Which changes in population relate to movement?

A

Immigration and Emigration

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4
Q

Who is an Emigrant?

A

A person who leaves their own country in order to settle permanently in another

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5
Q

Who is an Immigrant?

A

A person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

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6
Q

How to calculate a natural decrease/ increase?

A

The difference between birth and death rates/The different between the death and the birth rates

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7
Q

Why are BR and DR measured to 1000 people?

A

So they can be compared

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8
Q

Reasons for falling death rates(4).Mostly in LEDCs

A

1) Development of new medicine
2) Programs to increase the access to clean water in LEDCs
3) Knowledge about health lifestyle spread through media
4) General improvement of access to food supplies

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9
Q

Reasons for high birth rates(5)

A

1) In many cultures the greater number of children a man has the greater is his prestige
2) Some kids are not going to survive to the age of 18
3) The religions oppose of contraception
4) In LEDCs the kids provide work force to the family, therefore food
5) In many societies girls marry and start giving birth early, so they can produce more kids in their lifetime

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10
Q

How to calculate an overall population change?

A

(BR-DR) + (immigrants - emigrants)

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11
Q

What is an under-populated country?

A

When there are too few people to make efficient use of all the resources to maximum efficiency

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12
Q

What is an over-populated country?

A

When there are too many people to be supported to a good standard of living

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13
Q

Reasons for change of change of natural population(Agricultural, educational, urbanization, status of women)

A

A1) Before many children were needed to do work, development of machinery and factories
E2) As economy increases parents think about better education of their children. Less children - less money they have to spend
U3) People migrate to cities, as education is more important for their children - no child labor is needed in the cities
S4) The role of women increase. They have a choice between a career and children

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14
Q

Where did the AIDS were first discovered? How did it spread?

A

South Africa. By 1985 1/4 of Botswana population has HIV +

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15
Q

How many people died in 2010 from HIV?

A

5800

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16
Q

Explain the effect of HIV (pg 28 table 1.13)

A

1) Decreased the life expectancy by 40 years
2) Increased infant mortality
3) Increased death rate

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17
Q

Why HIV such a problem in Botswana?(5)

A

1) No protection being used
2) Lack of knowledge
3) 18% are married and have multiple partners
4) Lack of medical staff
5) Poverty made women to become prostitutes, which increased the spread

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18
Q

CS: Under populated country

A

Australia

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19
Q

What is the current population of Australia?

A

22.9 million

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20
Q

What is the labor force in Australia?%?

A

12.6 million, 55%

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21
Q

What are the resources in Australia?

A

Large resources of iron ore, gold, copper, gas ,uranium

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22
Q

BR and DR in Australia

A

12.1/7.2 per 1000

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23
Q

What % of population lives in urban areas in Australia?

A

90%

24
Q

How educated are people in Australia?

A

Highly educated

25
Q

What is the population density in Australia? Distributed?

A

2.6/km2. Big area are deserts, people live around the coast

26
Q

What migrants do Australians welcome? What will happen if you come illegally?

A

Qualified migrants to work as teachers,doctors,law,farmers,geologists,defence.
If you come by boat you will never make Australia your home again

27
Q

What is Bangladesh like?

A

Made out of Ganges delta and wide flood plains of the Ganges and Brahmaputra. Country is often flooded

28
Q

What % of total population work in agriculture in Bangladesh?

A

45% of 73.8 million

29
Q

What mineral are the basis of manufacturing industry in Bangladesh?

A

Iron ore

30
Q

What is the density of population in Bangladesh?

A

1000/km2

31
Q

What is the net migration in Bangladesh?

A

-1.57/1000

32
Q

What % of people have the main religion in Bangladesh? What is the religion?

A

85% Muslims

33
Q

What % of population is under employed? What is GDP in Bangladesh?

A

40%/ 1700$/per capita (person)

34
Q

What is the future of Bangladesh? Capital? Infrastructure?

A

Agricultural land is over-cultivated, therefore deforestation, therefore higher chance of flooding. The capital has to cope with overcrowded housing often lacking of basic amenities. Repairing infrastructure often drains the economy

35
Q

Name a case study country with a low rate of natural population growth

A

Kerala in India

36
Q

What is GDP in Kerala/ India

A

2950$/460$

37
Q

How many people live in Kerala/ % of Indian population

A

32 million/3.4%

38
Q

How did the natural growth decreased in Kerala?(5)

A

1) Allowed maternity leave for 2 babies only
2) Educate people to understand benefits of small families
3) Reducing infant mortality, so people no longer need to have so many children
4) Providing free contraception and advice
5) Providing extra retirement benefits for those with smaller families

39
Q

What BR is in Kerala?

A

18

40
Q

What DR is in Kerala?

A

6

41
Q

Natural increase in Kerala?

A

1.2%

42
Q

What life expectancy is in Kerala?

A

73

43
Q

How many children are born per woman in Kerala?

A

1.66

44
Q

List 6 types of migration

A

1) Internal
2) International
3,4) (IN)Voluntary
5) Temporary
6) Permanent

45
Q

What is Internal migration?

A

People moving within a country.

46
Q

How can you become a refugee?

A

You have to be an internal migrant

47
Q

What is international migration?

A

People moving from one country to another

48
Q

What is Voluntary migration?

A

People who choose often because of economic reasons

49
Q

What is Involuntary migration?

A

People who have to move to avoid death, persecution (Refugees)

50
Q

What is Temporary migration?

A

People who move for a period of time (seasonal migration)

51
Q

What is permanent migration?

A

People who move permanently, who have no intension to return

52
Q

Push factors (5)

A

1) Civil war or conflict
2) Low wages/ not enough jobs
3) Poor education
4) Poor healthcare
5) War with another country

53
Q

Pull factors (5)

A

1) Higher wages
2) Beter healthcare/eduction
3) Better standard of living
4) Family and friend may have already moved
5) Lower levels of crime and violence

54
Q

List 1 positive and 1 negative impact of migration on the Country of origin

A

+ Money comes into the economy

- People who are leaving the country are the workforce

55
Q

List 1 positive and 3 negative impact of migration on the County of destination

A

+ Cheap workforce

  • Money leaves the economy
  • Increased level of crime
  • Money has to be spent on infrastructure for migrants
56
Q

List 1 positive and 1 negative impact of migration on Migrants

A

+ Better life conditions

- Abused racially/sexually

Geography (12 decks)

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