Exam 2: Digit Amputation

Question 1

What are the 5 potential causes of

sepsis of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIJ)?

Answer 1

Pododermatitis

Peri-articular wound

Interdigital wound

Interdigital necrobacillosis

Solar abscess extension

White line disease

PPIISW

Question 2

What structures are involved in

Septic DIJ?

Answer 2

P3, P2

Navicular bursa/bone

DDFT/sheath

PIJ (prox. interphalangeal joint)

Question 3

What might you see on rads of an

animal with septic DIJ?

Answer 3

Periosteal rxn

Asymmetric ST swelling

Bony lysis around joint

Question 4

What’s your diagnosis if this malleable probe

is placed into the draining tract and

it falls right into the joint space?

Answer 4

Septic DIJ

Question 5

What are the treatment options for

chronic septic arthritis of the DIJ in cattle?

Answer 5

Facilitated ankylosis ^{(immobilizing a joint by fusing the bones)}

Amputation (NOT in horses)

Culling

Question 6

any surgical procedure that requires opening a joint

Answer 6

Arthrotomy

Question 7

Immobilizing a joint via fusion of the bones

Answer 7

Facilitated ankylosis

Question 8

Resection of the _______ and ________

are required in order to perform

facilitated ankylosis

Answer 8

DDFT and Navicular Bone

Question 9

Anesthesia for distal limb surgery

requires local IV anesthesia and a tourniquet.

How long can you leave on the tourniquet?

Answer 9

Up to 2 hours

Question 10

A type of peripheral nerve injury;

the mildest form of nerve injury.

It is classified as a transient conduction block of motor or sensory function without nerve degeneration,

although loss of motor function is the most common finding.

Answer 10

Neuropraxia

Question 11

How do you prevent neuropraxia

during distal limb sx?

Answer 11

Put padding under the tourniquet

Question 12

What type of tourniquet is used for distal limb sx?

Answer 12

Pneumatic tourniquet

Question 13

During anesthesia for distal limb sx,

how do you check to see if your block worked?

Answer 13

use HOOF TESTERS

Question 14

T/F:

With digit amputation, you have a slow return to production,

but the expected production life increases

Answer 14

FALSE!

You have a FAST return to production, but a

DECREASED production life

Question 15

What are the indications of digit amputation?

Answer 15

Septic coffin joint

P2 or P3 infection or fracture

Injury or sepsis distal to P1

Question 16

For digit amputation sx, leave as much _____ as possible

in order to provide soft tissue support

Answer 16

bone

Question 17

If you perform a skin flap procedure during digit amputation,

this is an

Amputation ________ Technique

Answer 17

CLOSED

Question 18

If you perform digit amputation without a skin flap,

this is an

Amputation ________ Technique

Answer 18

OPEN

Question 19

For the skin flap procedure/amputation CLOSED technique,

place the bandage ________ removing the tourniquet

Answer 19

BEFORE

Question 20

What is the average survival time for

animal post digit amputation?

Answer 20

2 years

Question 21

Some cattle never recover from digit amputation

due to rapid breakdown of supporting structures

such as:

Answer 21

Soft tissue

Cruciate ligaments

Interdigital ligaments

Flexor tendons

Question 22

Digit amputation is LESS successful on:

_________ digit of the front limb

and

__________ digit of hind limb

due to increased stress on the surviving digit

Answer 22

Digit amputation is LESS successful on:

MEDIAL digit of the front limb

and

LATERAL digit of hind limb

due to increased stress on the surviving digit

Question 23

There is an ________ relationship

between success of amputation surgery

and increased body weight

Answer 23

inverse

Question 24

ACUTE septic arthritis of the DIJ is rare

and usually presents _______ weeks

after having intra-articular lavage/antibiotics,

or even systemic abx.

Answer 24

4.4 weeks

(range= 1d - 24w)

Question 25

This tool is used to create the arthrotomy

during a facilitated ankylosis procedure

Answer 25

Trephine

Question 26

For a facilitated ankylosis procedure,

after using a trephine to create the arthrotomy,

you must culture the ___________

Answer 26

subchondral bone

Question 27

For a facilitated ankylosis procedure

after culturing the subchondral bone,

you must remove all infected bone and cartilage

with this tool

Answer 27

Curette

Question 28

For a facilitated ankylosis procedure,

after removing infected tissue with a curette,

the last and most important step is

Answer 28

LAVAGE!!

Question 29

For septic arthritis of the COFFIN joint,

the cement block is placed on the

________ digit,

and bandages are placed between flushes

Answer 29

sound digit

Question 30

Facilitated Ankylosis vs. Amputation:

Which has a higher complication rate

for the lateral hind digit?

Answer 30

Amputation has higher complications for lateral hind digit

Question 31

Facilitated Ankylosis vs. Amputation:

Which has a decreased production life?

Answer 31

Amputation

Question 32

Facilitated Ankylosis vs. Amputation:

Which is recommended for heavy animals?

Answer 32

Facilitated Ankylosis

Question 33

Facilitated Ankylosis vs. Amputation:

Which is recommended for

hind lateral digit sepsis

and

front medial digit sepsis?

Answer 33

Facilitated Ankylosis