Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

exam 2 review > Module 7 > Flashcards

Module 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three kinds of muscle tissue?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of muscle tissue are voluntary?

A

Skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of muscle tissues are involuntary?

A

Smooth and Cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the special characteristics of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the main functions of muscle tissue?

A

Posture
Generates Heat
Joint support
Movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the anatomical parts of a muscle from biggest to smallest?

A

Muscle
Fascicle
Fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the connective tissue sheaths that surround the different layers of a muscle? From superficial to deep

A

Epimysium
Perimuysium
Endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What surrounds the muscle fiber of a cell?

A

Sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When a muscle is attached indirectly to a bone, what is the further connection?

A

a tendon or an aponeurosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

densely packed rod-like elements that are 80% of a cells volume that exhibit stratations

A

Myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are myoglobin used for?

A

02 Storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What glycosomes used for?

A

glycogen storage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes the striations of skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles ?

A

The dark A bands and the light I bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Multiple nuclei, many mitochondria, glycosomes and myoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the smallest and most functional unit of a muscle cell?

A

Sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the region between two Z discs called? And what is it made of?

A

Sarcomere

Actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of a Z disc?

A

To anchor thing filaments and connect myofibrils to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the M line and what is its function?

A

The middle of the H zone

Anchors thick filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the H zone and what is its function?

A

Light midregion where filaments do not over lap

Shrinks during contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What band is the thick filament also known as?

A

A band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the thin filament also known as?

A

I band

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the binding sites for actin and ATP?

A

Thick filaments
Look like golf clubs
Have interwoven protein chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the A band also known as and what is it made of?

A

Thin filament

Made of actin which is made of G actin which is the binding site for myosin heads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the regulatory proteins of actin?

A

Tropomyosin

Troponin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A

Regulates Ca+2 levels

Forms terminal cisternae

26
Q

These are continuous with the SR, a junction of A and I bands, spreads excitement into myofibrils

A

T Tubules

27
Q

What is a T Tubule and two terminal cisternae?

A

A triad

28
Q

What happens in a sliding filament model?

A

Thin filaments slide over thick filaments and the H zone disappears. If many sarcomeres shorten the muscle shortens

29
Q

When a nerve pulse from the brain reaches a ______ ______, ____ is released.

A

Neuromuscular junction

ACh

30
Q

What are the two things required for a muscle contraction? (Two processes)

A

Activation (neural stimulus at N M junction)

Excitation-Contraction coupling - generation and spread of action potential along sarcolemma

31
Q

What are the nerve cells called that activate skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Stomatic motor neurons

32
Q

What makes up a neuromuscular junction?

A

The end of an axon of a nerve cell and a single muscle fiber

33
Q

What is contained in the synaptic vesicles?

A

ACh

34
Q

What is ACh?

A

A neurotransmitter

35
Q

What are axon terminals and muscle fibers separated by?

A

Synaptic cleft

36
Q

During repolarization, what period is a muscle cell said to be in?

A

Refractory period because the cell can’t be stimulated again until repolarization is complete

37
Q

What is the EC or excitation-contraction coupling ?

A

The sequence of events by which action potential along the sarcolemma leads to the sliding of micro filaments or also known as muscle contraction

38
Q

What is the period called when EC coupling occurs?

A

Latent period

39
Q

Contractions generate force, but don’t always shorten

True or false

A

True

40
Q

Tension increase but the length will stay the same

A

Isometric shortening

41
Q

Tension stays the same while the muscle shortens

A

Isotonic contraction

42
Q

Muscle shortens and moves the load

A

Concentric contraction

43
Q

The muscle lengthens and moves the load

A

Eccentric contrsction

44
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Motor neuron plus muscle fibers

45
Q

When will you have more muscle power?

When you have more ______.

A

Motor units

46
Q

When muscle cells contract at the same time the more force is generated. This is known as …..

A

Muscle recruitment

47
Q

In muscle metabolism, what is the only energy source used for contractile activities

A

ATP

48
Q

How long does ATP last for and what converts it back to ADP plus P?

A

4-6 seconds

Creatine phosphate

49
Q

1 ATP per CP equals how many seconds?

A

10-15

50
Q

This pathway includes glycolysis, it is beyond the 70% max of a muscle . Pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid

A

Anaerobic pathway

51
Q

A pathway that produces 95% of ATP during rest and light to moderate exercise. Made for endurance, a lot of energy is created

A

Aerobic pathway

52
Q

What is O2 needed for after exercise ?

A

Replenish myoglobin,glycogen, ATP and CP

53
Q

When oxygen is not available, what happens

A

Lactic acid converts to pyrubic acid glucose and glycogen

54
Q

What are the three different kinds of muscle fibers?

A

Slow oxidative
Fast oxidative
Fast glycoloytic

55
Q

What does aerobic exercise lead to?

A

More blood vessels
More mitochondria
More myoglobin
Can convert fast glycolytic to fast oxidative

56
Q

What does resistance exercise lead to?

A

Bigger muscle cells or hypertrophy

57
Q

Where is smooth muscle mostly found

A

Walls of hallow organs

58
Q

What are the two layers of smooth muscle

A

Longitudinal and circular

59
Q

What is the microscopic structure of smooth muscle?

A

Thin short fibers
Only surrounded by a endomyosium
Has no stritations
And one nucleus

60
Q

Smooth muscles only have one nucleus, and uses ______ instead of troponin

A

Calmodlium

61
Q

What type of movement does smooth muscle have?

A

Slow synchronized contractions or peristalsis

exam 2 review (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions