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Microm 442 > Lecture 22 Vibrio > Flashcards

Lecture 22 Vibrio Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Vibrio species?

A
  • V cholerae (major)
  • V parahemolyticus
  • V vulnificus
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of V cholerae?

A
  • Gram-negative bacilli ! Short, curved rods
  • Polar flagella
  • Highly motile
  • Non-spore forming
  • Oxidase positive
  • Facultative anaerobe
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3
Q

Where is V cholerae found?

A
  • Commonly found in salt water
  • Reservoirs : Man, H20
  • Biofilms on abiotic surfaces
  • Zooplankton, phytoplankton
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4
Q

What is the pathogenicity of V cholerae?

A
  • humans
  • oral (water food)
  • Enteric pathogen
  • small intestine (low tolerance to acid)
  • heavy infection dose
  • causes cholera
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5
Q

What are some sx of V cholerae?

A
  • Abdominal discomfort
  • rush of loose watery stools
  • Diarrhea – odorless, mucous flecks
  • “Rice water stools”
  • Afebrile
  • No inflammation
  • No injury to bowel mucosa
  • Vomiting may occur
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6
Q

What happens if V cholerae is not treated?

A
  • healthy become hypotensive
  • infected may die in 3 hrs
  • loose stool to shock
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7
Q

How is V cholerae treated?

A
  • fluids, electrolytes

- early rehydration can prevent death

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8
Q

What can be given for V cholerae?

A 
Dried packet formulas :
Glucose + NaCl +
> physiological concentrations of K+ &
Bicarbonate
•  Secondary role of antibiotics
Tetracycline's
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole
Can reduce fluid loss & duration of diarrhea
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9
Q

What is the transmission route of cholera?

A
  • contaminated food or drinking water
  • epidemics from feces in water sources
  • unsanitary conditions
  • raw undercooked fish
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10
Q

How many cholera pandemics have there been?

A

-8

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11
Q

What is SODIS?

A

SOLAR WATER DISINFECTION

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12
Q

How can Cholera be prevented?

A
  • modern sewage and water treatments
  • eliminated risks
  • boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it
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13
Q

What is a cholera cot?

A
  • plastic cot, with hole leading to collection bucket
  • simple device greatly improved cholera treatment
  • monitors vomit and stool output
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14
Q

Which variant caused the 7th pandemic in Egypt?

A

El tor -O1

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15
Q

Which serotype caused the pandemic in Bangladesh, India?

A

O139 Bengal

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16
Q

What was the source for the outbreak in Haiti?

A
  • Artibonite River

- from a sewage spill from a peace keeping base

17
Q

What is the Cholera Toxin (CT)?

A
  • Extracellular toxin: released
  • Enterotoxin- affects small intestine
  • Changes intestinal wall permeability leading to diarrhea
  • A-B enterotoxin
  • 2 toxic subunits A1 and A2
  • five binding subunits (B units)
18
Q

How are the toxin genes regulated?

A
  • the cholera toxin structural genes (ctx A and ctxB)
  • TCP: toxin regulated pilus
  • Tox R, Tox S, Tox T
19
Q

What is Tox R?

A

Transmembrane protein, binds to operator region of ctx AB operon, activates ctxAB transcription

20
Q

What is Tox S?

A

Periplasmic protein, responds to environmental signals, influences ToxR activation of CtxAB

21
Q

What is Tox T?

A

-cytoplasmic protein, activates transcription of Tcp operon, ToxT is activated by ToxR

22
Q

What are some environmental signals that tox responds too?

A
  • pH
  • temperature
  • bile
  • mucus
  • osmolarity
23
Q

What are some oral vaccines for v cholera?

A

Vaccines 3-

  • dukoral
  • mORCVAX
  • Orochol, now Vaxchora
24
Q

What are some characteristic of V parahemlytics

A
  • halophilic
  • associated with raw sea food and salt water
  • summer diarrhea and early fall
  • diarrhea like illness
  • Do not produce CTX but their own enterotoxin (TDH and TRH)
25
Q

What are some characteristics of V vulnificus?

A
  • recent emergence
  • halophilic, associated with raw sea food and water
  • ferment lactose
  • scavenge host iron
  • cause diarrhea
  • wound infections if exposed to sea water
  • septicemia
  • enters bloodstream, can be fatal
26
Q

How can cholera be plated?

A

-Grow well in alkaline media
(pH 8.5-9) & bile salts
-Enrichment media TCBS -Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar

Microm 442 (16 decks)

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