Emerging Infectious Disease - Questions Flashcards
What are the two basic categories of emerging infectious disease?
Newly emerging diseases and re-emerging diseases.
What kind of organism dominates the pathogens that have been identified since 1980?
Viruses
How do new diseases or versions of diseases develop?
There has to be some genetic change.
What is a major source of human disease?
Nonhuman animals.
How does literal introduction occur (after a zoonotic jump)?
Aerosol, a bite, eating contaminated food, blood feeders.
What barrier could prevent introduction?
Insufficient habitat overlap.
Approximately what percentage of the population would die if another pandemic “great flu” evolved?
3 to 6%. Probably about 1 million people would die in the US alone.
What have been some significant changes in human populations since the 1800s?
Massive increase in numbers, huge movements of populations, easier movement, rural regions to urban centers, slums, stress put on a variety of services, stress on infrastructure, infrastructure breaking down.
What are some of the major criticisms of the demographic transition model?
Assumes populations are uniform, and is based on European history model.
Is it easy for new diseases to become established?
No
What would be the main barrier to infection?
Species incompatibility
What are the main species with which we share pathogens?
Birds and mammals
What is the main factor that increases likelihood of infectious potential?
Variability the creates uniqueness. Natural variability in the human population.
Which factors of emerging diseases particularly enhance the second stage of infection/establishment?
Breakdown of public health measures and poverty and social inequality.
A variety of factors are contributing to increased susceptibility to disease in some groups. What might this be?
Chronic disease, ageing population, HIV, obesity, antibiotic resistance, anti-VAX groups, poor nutrition.
