Equilibrium Flashcards
What is an equilibrium mixture?
as soon as products form they react together to form the reactants gain
eventually you get a mixture in which the proportion of the components remain cconstant
What is dynamic equilibrium?
when products and reactants are being formed at the same rate
What are the conditions for an equilibrium?
can only be reached in a closed system - reactants and products can’t escape
What is Le Chatelier’s principle?
if a system at equilibrium, is distrubed, the equilibrium moves in the direction that tends to reduce the distrubance
in other words
if any factor is changed which affects the equilibrium mixture, theposition of equilibrium will shift so as to oppose the change
What happens if the concentrations of one of the reactants is increased?
Le Chatelier’s principle says that the equilibrium will shift in the direction that tends tor educe the concentration of this reactant
moves equilibrium to right
What affect does changing the pressure have on the position of the equilibrium#?
only affect reactions involving gases. and if there are a different number of moles on either side of the equation
increasing the pressure, Le Cheterliers principle tells us that the position of equilibrium will move to decrease the pressure
this means that it will move to the side with fewest molves and this means less pressure will be exerted
What affect does chaging temp have on the position of the equilibrium?
Le Chatelier’s principlr states that if you increase the temperature the equilibrium moves in the direction that cools the system down
this means it has to move in the direction of the endothermic reaction
What is the effect of the prescence on the catalyst on the equilibrium?
no shift in position
they do allow equilibrium to be reached more quickly
What is the problem with the Haber process?
making ammonia
favours high pressure and low temp
however a low temp would slow down the rate of reaction and time taken to reach equilibrium
higher pressure demands stronger equipment
a comprimise is taken, and the reactants are recycled
20,000 kPa
What are the problems with producing ethanol from hydration of ethene?
high pressure increases yield but tends to cause ethene to polymerise
high pressure increases building cost and anergy to run it
too much steam produced dilutes the catalyst
