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MSA > UE Random from Book > Flashcards

UE Random from Book Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs during the first phase of scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

Humerus: 30* abd
Scapula: minimal movement (setting phase)
Clavicle: 0-5* elevation

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2
Q

What occurs during the second phase of scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

Humerus: 40* abd
Scapula: 20* upward rotation, minimal protraction or elevation
Clavicle: 0-5* elevation

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3
Q

What occurs during the third phase of scapulohumeral rhythm?

A

Humerus: 60* abd, 90* ER
Scapula: 30* upward rotation
Clavicle: 30-50* posterior rotation, up to 15* elevation

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4
Q

What dyskinesia of scapulohumeral rhythm would you see with inadequate serrated anterior activation?

A

Lesser scapular upward rotation and posterior tilt

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5
Q

What dyskinesia of scapulohumeral rhythm would you see with excess upper trap activation?

A

grater clavicular elevation

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6
Q

What dyskinesia of scapulohumeral rhythm would you see with pec minor tightness?

A

greater scapular medial rotation and anterior tilt

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7
Q

What dyskinesia of scapulohumeral rhythm would you see with posterior GH joint soft tissue tightness?

A

greater scapular anterior tilt

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8
Q

What dyskinesia of scapulohumeral rhythm would you see with thoracic kyphosis or flexed posture?

A

Greater scapular medial rotation and anterior tilt

lesser scapular upward rotation

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9
Q

What is the angle of inclination of the humeral head? angle of retroversion?

A 
Inclination = 130*
retroversion = 30-40*
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10
Q

What does the superior GH ligament limit?

A

Primary = inferior translation of humeral head in adduction

- also anterior translation and ER up to 45* abduction

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11
Q

What does the middle GH ligament limit?

A

ER between 45* and 90* abd

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12
Q

What does the inferior GH ligament limit?

A
  • Axillary pouch supports humeral head above 90* abd, limiting inferior translation
  • anterior band tightens on ER
  • posterior band tightens on IR
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13
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament limit?

A

inferior translation and helps limit ER below 60* abd

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14
Q

What does the rotator interval consist of? what can injury to these structures lead to?

A
  • fibers of the coracohumeral ligament, superior GH lig, GH joint capsule, and part of suprasminatus and subscap tendons
  • lead to contractures, biceps tendon instability, and anterior GH instability
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15
Q

What parts of the brachial plexus innervates the GH joint?

A
  • Branches of the posterior cord

- supra scapular, axillary, and lat pectoral nerves

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16
Q

What innervates the AC joint?

A

branches of the suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerve

17
Q

What innervates the SC joint?

A

anterior supraclavicular nerve and nerve to subclavius m.

18
Q

What is indicated by a step deformity?

A

A tear of the coracoclavicuar ligaments (second degree)

19
Q

What is the main ligament for stability of the SC joint?

A

costoclavicular ligament

20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of TOS? What motions are especially aggregative?

A

Nuerological S and S:
Numbness, tingling, weak grip, loss of manual dexterity (intrinsics)
Vascular:
-Arterial = cool, pale extremity
-Venous = swelling, mottled discoloration

  • abduction and ER of the arm aggregates symptoms
21
Q

What must occur in order for test to be positive for TOS?

A

Tests must decrease pulse AND reproduce patient’s symptoms

22
Q

Occurs when blood vessels or nerves in the space between the clavicle and the first rib are compressed

A

thoracic outlet syndrome

23
Q

What are the most common causes of injury to the axillary nerve?

A
  1. anterior dislocation of the shoulder

2. fracture of the neck of the humerus

24
Q

What are the most common causes of injury to the supra scapular nerve?

A
  1. fall on the posterior shoulder
  2. stretching
  3. repeated micro trauma (cocking and follow through seen in volleyball spiking and pitching)
  4. fracture of the scapula

-often occurs under transverse scapular ligament or as nerve winds around spine of scapula under spinoglenoid lig

25
Q

A nerve is compressed as it passes under the distal biceps tendon. This leads to altered sensation in the anterolateral aspect of the forearm. What is the nerve being compressed? What is this called?

A

The ante brachial cutaneous nerve; musculocutaneous nerve tunnel syndrome

  • usually result of forced elbow hyperextension or repeated pronation
  • may be misdiagnosed as tennis elbow
26
Q

Injury to this nerve results in scapular winging. Pain and weakness on arm flexion occurs. Abduction above 90* is difficult.

A

Long thoracic nerve

27
Q

What differentiates spinal accessory nerve palsy from long thoracic nerve palsy?

A

Forward arm flexion:

  • winging occurs with long thoracic nerve palsy and does not occur with accessory nerve palsy
  • both nerve injuries affect abduction
28
Q

What injury is most often associated with a Bankhart lesion?

A

traumatic anterior dislocation leading to anterior instability

  • inferior GH stability is lost
  • circle concept of instability = injury in one direction of the joint results in injury to structures on the other side of the joint
29
Q

What mechanism of injury is most often associated with a SLAP lesion?

A
  1. FOOSH
  2. Deceleration when throwing
  3. sudden traction is applied to biceps
    - tight posterior capsule in throwing athletes results in posterosuperior migration of the head of the humerus
30
Q

hand deformity that occurs as a result of median nerve palsy

A

ape hand

31
Q

hand deformity that occurs as a result of ulnar nerve palsy

A

bishop’s hand

32
Q

extension of MCP and PIP flexion finger deformity

A

boutonniere

33
Q

hand deformity that occurs as a result of a combo of median and ulnar nerve palsy; intrinsic minus hand

A

claw fingers

34
Q

hand deformity that occurs as a result of radial nerve palsey

A

drop-wrist deformity

35
Q

hand deformity where pt shows inability to extend and adduct the right and little finger and sometimes the middle finger, especially rapidly, despite good functions wrist, thumb, and index finger; pt also shows an exaggerated triceps reflex and Hoffman reflex

A

myelopathy hand

MSA (13 decks)

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