Test 3 Flashcards
Beethoven stratled the classical and _________ periods.
Romantic
3 parts of Sonata Form:
- Exposition
- Development
- Recapitulation
Who was the father of the symphony and the string quartet?
F. Joseph Haydn.
What are two other names for sonata form?
- Sonata Allegro Form
2. First Movement Form
The most important genere of the classical period was the ___________.
Symphony
The most important form of the classical period was the __________.
Sonata Form.
The most important social contribution of the classical period was the ______________.
Public Concert
New traits of the classical period…
- Tuneful melodies
- Clear, balanced structures
- Four families of orchestra
What aspect was lost during the classical period?
Basso continuo.
Cadenza
Virtuoso solo passage toward the end of a movement.
Traits of the symphony:
Usually four movements; fast, slow, dance-related, fast.
First movement is in sonata form.
Last movement often sonata or sonata-rondo form - usually fast, always in tonic key.
Each movement is self-contained composition with its own themes.
Mozart
1756-1791.
Child prodigy.
Composed minuets, symphonies, keyboard and instrumental works as a very young age.
Played both the violin and keyboard, and performed with his sister Nannerl and his father Leopold all over Europe.
While traveling, Mozart met JC Bach, who influenced his compositions especially the ritornello formal schemes used in the keyboard concertos.
Excelled in opera - comic and serious.
Excelled in chamber music - string quartets and piano quartets.
The invention of opera
Occurred around the year 1600.
Early opera was called recitative, and developed from speech-like song.
Mozart’s 3 most popular operas:
- The Marriage of Figaro
- Don Giovanni
- The Magic Flute
Mozart’s output:
41 symphonies.
Over 20 piano concertos.
Operas.
Much chamber music - string quartets and quintets.
An emphasis on balance and clarity of structures may be found in the ___________ period.
Classical
One way in which music from the classical era differs from the Baroque is that…..
there is a fluctuation in mood.
Classical melodies sound balanced because…
they are made up of two phrases of the same length.
The piano began to be widely used by _______.
1775
In the classical orchestra, the ________ were considered the most important.
strings
A classical form written in 2-4 movements for one or two instruments is called a ________.
sonata
Joseph Haydn was content to spend most of his life…
serving a wealthy aristocratic family.
In the classical period, comic operas sometimes…
ridiculed the aristocracy.
Haydn’s contract of employment shows that he was considered a _______________.
skilled servant
Social mobility during the classical period was…
an important factor in the rise of the middle class.
Vienna in 1800…
was the 4th largest city in Europe, has a population of almost 250,000, and was the seat of the Holy Roman Empire.
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by ________________.
folk and popular music
The prospering middle class in the classical period sought aristocratic luxuries such as _____________________.
Theater, literature, and music
Sonata form should be viewed as…
A set of principles that serve to shape and unify contrasts of theme and key.
In the exposition of a sonata form movement, the second theme is in _________.
a new key
Sonata form is used frequently as the form for the _____________________ movement of a multi-movement work.
first, slow, and final fast
In the recapitulation of a sonata form movement…
all the principle material is in the tonic key.
At the end of a classical exposition there usually is a ___________.
repeat sign
Symphony
A musical composition for orchestra (usually in 4 movements).
Fast-slow-moderately fast-slow
Sonata for orchestra.
Extended/ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of tone color and dynamics.
Genere composed for orchestra.
ABA form is typical of the minuet or scherzo movement and is also common in the _____________.
slow movement
A symphony is unified partly by the use of the same key in ___ of its movements.
3
Along with his symphonies, Haydn’s ___________ are considered his most important works.
string quartets
Haydn’s duties while in the service of the Esterhazys included…
composing all the music requested by his patron, conducting the orchestra, and coaching the singers for operatic performances.
Haydn’s music was…
Robust and direct, radiating a healthy optimism, reflects a love of nature, and has a fold flavor due to the influence of peasant tunes.
Haydn’s Trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major is performed today by the ___________.
valve trumpet
The 3 Classical Masters
Haydn
Mozart
Beethoven
Franz Joseph Haydn
1732-1809.
Father of the symphony and string quartet.
Experimented with a number of movements, along with tempo and style.
Influenced by Handel.
Composed 68 string quartets and less than 100 symphonies.
Serious Opera
Start of the 18th century - influences from the Enlightenment.
AKA: Opera Seria