Groups and Individuals

Question 1

Group

Answer 1

Two or more people who are seen as a unit and interact with one another

Question 2

Common-bond groups

Answer 2

Face to face interaction, bonded to one another

Question 3

Common-identity groups

Answer 3

Members linked via category, face to face interaction may not occur

Question 4

What are the 4 key components of Groups?

Answer 4

Status, Roles, Norms, Cohesiveness

Question 5

Conformity

Answer 5

Those with lower status within the group are more likely to conform and those with higher status within the group are less likely to conform

Question 6

Cohesion

Answer 6

the extent to which members of a group are connected - the binding force

Question 7

What 3 factors lead to arousal

Answer 7

Mere presence, Evaluation apprehension, and Distraction

Question 8

Mere presence and arousal

Answer 8

the simple presence of others causes physical arousal

Question 9

Evaluation apprehension and arousal

Answer 9

feeling judged enhances self-consciousness

Question 10

Distraction and arousal

Answer 10

the presence of others can take attention away from performance

Question 11

Distraction conflict theory

Answer 11

an individual’s performance on simple tasks is facilitated by arousal, whereas an individual’s performance on complex tasks is hindered by this same arousal

Question 12

Social Loafing

Answer 12

being in a group can cause a decrease in effort

Question 13

What can lead to the reduction of Social Loafing?

Answer 13

the belief that individual effort will be noted publicly, Increasing each group member’s commitment to the task, increasing task importance and value, clear standards of performance

Question 14

Deindividuation

Answer 14

let go of self-awareness and restraint and go along with the group. Can lead to very dangerous behvaviors

Question 15

What three factors contribute to deindividuation?

Answer 15

Arousal, Anonymity, Reduced feelings of responsibility

Question 16

Social Identity Deindividuation (SIDE)

Answer 16

an individual changes their focus from the self to the group, can lead to a loss of self awareness. eg. cults

Question 17

Social Decision Schemes

Answer 17

Rules that guide how the initial distribution of views of each group member influences the final group decision

Question 18

What are the 4 main social decision schemes?

Answer 18

the majority wins, the truth wins, the first shift rule, unanimity

Question 19

Risky Shift

Answer 19

We will take greater risks as a group than we will as individuals

Question 20

Group Polarization

Answer 20

An attitude/belief can become magnified within a group after being discussed among group members

Question 21

Group think

Answer 21

The mode of thinking that a person engages in when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive in-group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

Question 22

What needs to occur for group think to happen?

Answer 22

cohesive group, isolation from dissenting viewpoints, direct leader

Question 23

How do we avoid group think?

Answer 23

remain open to criticism, work with diverse people, include members outside the group, train members in group decision-making

Question 24

Conflict

Answer 24

a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 25

Realistic Conflict theory

Answer 25

when different groups compete for resources

Question 26

Prisoners dilemma

Answer 26

our biased perceptions of others behaviour, and how we believe they are likely to act, can influence our decisions

Question 27

GRIT

Answer 27

Graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tension reduction