Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards
What is a UTI?
Presence of microorganisms in the urinary tract
Pathogens enter urinary tract from perineal area or from blood stream
Leads to infection and inflammation in urinary tract
Most common bacterial infection in women
Cause of UTI?
E. coli and other organisms
*other MAJOR bacterial organisms
Risk factors for a UTI
Diminished host defenses Women and elderly Urinary tract abnormalities Blockages in urinary tract Urinary retention Suppressed immune system Catheterization and other procedures
Upper UTI
Pyelonephritis (fever, chills, flank pain)
Involves renal parenchyma, pelvis, ureters
Lower UTI
Cystitis
Urethritis
Does not usually present with systemic manifestations
Urosepsis
Not really a classification anymore of UTIs
Goes systemically, now bloodborne and spreading to other organs
Life threatening
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal parenchyma and collecting system
HAI UTI
Cause is usually due to use of antibiotics, instrumentation, catheterization
CAUTI
Catheter associated UTI
Bacteria biofilms develop on inner surface of catheter
Signs of infection
Fever Chills Malaise Cloudy and foul smelling urine Increased WBC Nausea and vomiting
Clinical manifestations
Urinary frequency and voiding small amounts Intermittency Weak stream Hesitancy Urgency Dysuria Inability to void Incomplete emptying of bladder Post void dribbling Incontinence Nocturia Nocturnal enuresis Heamturia Pyuria Pain at lower abdominal or back Burning urination Bladder spasms
Clinical manifestations in older adults
Symptoms often absent
Nonlocalized abdominal discomfort rather than dysuria
Cognitive impairment possible
Fever less likely
Diagnostic studies
CBC (elevated WBC, neutrophils) Urinalysis -Microscopic UA -Urine for culture and sensitivity Imaging studies -CT urography -Intravenous pyelogram -Cystoscopy -Ultrasonography
Drug therapy includes…
Antibiotics
Antispasmodics
Analgesics
Acute interventions
Avoid potential bladder irritants
Instruct patient about drug therapy
Emphasize taking full course of antibiotics
Second or reduced dosage of a drug may be ordered after initial course in susceptible patients
