Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
Chronic Kidney Disease
Involves progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function
Stage 1
Kidney damage with normal or elevated GFR GFR greater than or equal to 90 Diagnosis and treatment CVD risk reduction Slow progression
Stage 2
Kidney damage with mild GFR decreased
Range: 60-89
Estimation of progression
Might have slight increase in metabolic waste in blood
Stage 3
Moderately decreased GFR
Range: 30-59
Evaluation and treatment of complications
Definite changes in the kidney function
Stage 4
Severe decreases in GFR
Range: 15-29
Preparation for renal replacement therapy (dialysis, kidney transplant)
Excessive amounts of urea and creatinine build up in blood
Stage 5
Kidney failure
Range: Less than 15 (or dialysis)
Renal replacement therapy (if uremia present and patient desires treatment)
Cannot maintain homeostasis
Severe fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalance occur
Leading causes of ESKD
Diabetes
Hypertension
Other causes of ESKD
Glomerulonephritis Intersitital nephritis Polycystic kidney disease Prolonged obstruction of urinary tract Vesicoureteral reflux Pyelonephritis
Clinical Manifestations
Retained metabolic waste Uremia Oliguria Isothenuria Anuria Metabolic disturbances -accumulation of waste products -altered carbohydrate metabolism -elevated triglycerides Hematologic system -anemia -bleeding tendencies Infection
Uremia
Syndrome in which kidney function declines to the point that it incorporates multiples body systems
Signs and symptoms seen in various systems throughout the body
Often occurs when GFR is 10mL/min or lower
Isothenuria
Producing large amounts of dilute urine
Anuria
Producing no urine
Electrolyte and Acid-base Imbalance
Hyperkalemia Sodium levels - hypertension, edema Calcium and phosphate alterations Magnesium alterations Metabolic acidosis
Cardiovascular system
Hypertension HF Left ventricular hypertrophy Dysrhythmias Uremic pericarditis
Respiratory system
Respiratory alkalosis
Dyspnea
