Topic 4

Question 1

What did Stalin want for Russia?

Answer 1

To move away from NEP as it was capitalist.

Soviet Union to compete with the West

Question 2

What changed did Stalin bring into place?

Answer 2

Collectivisation and Industrialisation

Question 3

What were the two types of Collective farms?

Answer 3

Kohlkosy and Sovkohsy

Question 4

Why did the peasants not want to collectivise?

Answer 4

They had been given land rights and profits from the NEP and Revolution

Question 5

What were the Sovkozy?

Answer 5

Large state farms run by a manager

Question 6

What was the kolkhozy?

Answer 6

Collective farms Rahul by a committee of peasants

Question 7

What was better about the Sovkohzy?

Answer 7

They often had nurseries, and schools and were better organised

Question 8

What did Collectivisation mean for the peasants?

Answer 8

They were told what to grow, how long to work, and had to meet set production targets

Question 9

What were the figures on Brigades?

Answer 9

15 families was a brigade on an 80 hectare Kolkohz

Question 10

What did the state provide?

Answer 10

Seed and Equipment

Question 11

When did Peasants get land to farm for themselves?

Answer 11

1935

Question 12

Who opposed collectivisation?

Answer 12

Kulacks and Peasants

Question 13

Who were the kulacks?

Answer 13

Acted like pre-revolution Landlords, better than the villagers.

Kulacks were often the most educated and respected, and village run communes benefitted them.

Question 14

When was collectivisation enforced?

Answer 14

1928

Question 15

What was the reaction to collectivisation?

Answer 15

Killed animal and hid seed.

From 1929-33 Half the pigs and 1/4 cows were killed

Question 16

How many Kulacks did Stalin purge?

Answer 16

600,000 farms from 1930-31

Question 17

What happened to people who opposed?

Answer 17

From 1932 anyone who objected was treated as a Kulacks.

Question 18

What were the failure of Collectivisation?

Answer 18

The famine of 1932-33. 3 million people starved.

They would damage machinery, such as tractors and harvesters.

Machines made too quickly, were often faulty. By unskilled workers.

MT Stations often had unskilled workers aswell, nothing fixed.

Question 19

When was the Kolkohz Charter?

Answer 19

1935

Question 20

Successes of Collectivisation?

Answer 20

By 1935 90% was collectivised

Production increased on some farms, and MTS worked well

Young people went to agriculture school

1935 figures of grain and animals began to recover

1934 ratio info bread stopped

Question 21

When was Gosplan set up?

Answer 21

1921

Question 22

When was the first five year plan?

Answer 22

1928-32

Production for Oil, iron, steel, electricity. Official statistics stated it made these targets, but weren’t actually met till late 1940s

Question 23

When was the second 5 year plan?

Answer 23

1933-37

High targets for tractors and combine harvesters, as well as railways.

Question 24

3rd 5 year plan?

Answer 24

1938-41

Luxury focussed- Radios and bikes. Interrupted by WW2 in 1939

Question 25

Who was Stakhanov?

Answer 25

Coal miner who’s target for 6hr shift was 7 tons, but did 102 tons.

Gosplan publicised this. Workers who did more got better housing and rations.

The Stakhonovite movement was set up, competition to encourage production

Question 26

Achievements of Industrialisation?

Answer 26

Unemployment dropped largely - Better living

1929- 1k lived in Magnitogorsk. No roads, drains, electricity.

1932- brick houses, electricity, drains, roads, 100k people. School, hospital.

Question 27

How many people lived in cities and towns by 1939?

Answer 27

56 million

Question 28

Problems of Industrialisation?

Answer 28

High production target – Poor quality goods
Workers not properly trained – as above

Factories had high incident rate as dangerous
Factory chimneys and fumes were damaging to health.

Question 29

When was the Stalingrad tractor factory finished?

Answer 29

June 1930- 500 a month, but only 43 a few months in

Question 30

Ethnic minority’s?

Answer 30

In 1930 they were encouraged, local languages etc. From 1932 support for regional identity was seen as counter revolutionary. These people were purged the most for objecting collectivisation.
From 1938 March, Russification took place and Russian was compulsory to learn.

Question 31

Relgion?

Answer 31

In 1915 Russia had 54k churches, but only 500 in 1940

Question 32

Living conditions?

Answer 32

1926- 5.4 sq m

1939- 4.3 sq m