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Geology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anthracosaurs

A

mostly adapted for life in the water. Long snouted and long bodied predators.
Had jaws designed for slamming shut on prey. (Crocodile like fish eaters)

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2
Q

Amniotes

A

These were mammals reptiles and birds.

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3
Q

Temnospondyls

A

ancestors of amphibians. They came before living amphibians. Largest and most divrse group of Carboniferous tetrapods.
Large and heavy bones for its size.

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4
Q

Stem group

A

a group that is composed of all the taxa that are more closely related to the living members of the group than the living members of other groups.

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5
Q

Allantois

A

Stores the embryos waste when it is in the egg

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6
Q

Yolk sac

A

contains the embryos food supply

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7
Q

Chorion

A

coats the inside of the shell. Helps keep eggs contents together and allows gas exchange.

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8
Q

Embryo

A

The organism inside the egg

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9
Q

Outer Shell

A

This keeps the embryo from drying out while allowing oxygen in

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10
Q

Crown Group

A

a group that is composed of all the descendants of the last common ancestor of the living members of the group.

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11
Q

Seymouria

A

One of the few anthracosaurs well adapted for terrestrial life.

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12
Q

Erypos

A

A Permian temnospondyl about 6 ft long. These are massively built. Large powerful jaws. Big predator of this era

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13
Q

In what environment did the first egg most likely evolve?

A

In wet enviornments

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14
Q

Why would animals begin to move onto the land?

A

Because predators began coming to the water? They would lay their eggs in flourishing plant life that provided damp groups so their eggs would not dry out.

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15
Q

Anapsids

A

know the head

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16
Q

Synapsids

A

know the head. Pelycosaurs, Therapsids, mammals

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17
Q

Diapsids

A

know the head. Dinos, Pterosaurs, Reptiles, Birds

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18
Q

Petrolacosaurus

A

Earliest well known diapsid. Appears in the late carboniferous

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19
Q

Pelycosaurs

A

These are the animals where all of their power came from their back two legs. (Forklift example)

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20
Q

Ophiacodont

A

This is a fish-eating Pelycosaur. They have long snouts w/pointed teeth.

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21
Q

Sphenacodonts

A

Pelycosaur. They have long spines and single pairs of extra large on their lower jaws. Specialized on land.

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22
Q

Caseids

A

Have small heads and large barrel shaped bodies capable of holding large volumes of low calorie food. Large nostrils

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23
Q

Edaphosaurs

A

About 3 meters long and weighs over 600 pounds. Similar to the Caseid except it has a sail

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24
Q

Therapsids

A

Short stocky bodies with small tails. This helps adapt to thermoregulation.

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25
Q

Dinocephalians

A

First abundant therapsids They are much faster than pelycosaurs.

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26
Q

Dicynodonts

A

These were dominant late Permian creatures. Short snouts, No chewing teeth. Jaw point was weak. Their skull was boxlike.

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27
Q

Gorgonopsians

A

Ferocious appearance. They were carnivores that specialized on large prey. Short snout but deep to hold the teeth.

28
Q

Cynodonts

A

Mammal like with dog teeth.. A type of Therapsid

29
Q

Dimetrodon

A

The best know sphenacodont.

30
Q

What type of locomotion was present in Pelycosaurs?

A

They walked with their back legs

31
Q

How did caseid Pelycosaurs most likely process their food?

A

They had powerful digestive enzymes to help break down plant cellulose

32
Q

What features suggest that Sphenacodonts hunted terrestrial prey?

A

They had a narrow body and long legs

33
Q

What are the best explanations for why Dimetrodon had a “sail”?

A

For appearance and thermoregulation

34
Q

Mesozoic Era

A

Consisted of 3 time periods.
Triassic: 251-200 MA
Jurassic: 200-145 MA
Cretaceous 145-65 MA

35
Q

Which group of tetrapods recoverd the quickest from the Permo-Triassic extinction?

A

synapsids bounced back the quickest

36
Q

Rhynchosaurs

A

Plant-eating archosauromorphs. They are pig sized animals w hooked snouts and powerful cutting beak.

37
Q

Carrier’s Constraints

A

This states that animals like lizards cannot run and breathe at the same time due to their awkward run. So they need to stop to breathe.

38
Q

Phytosaurs

A

Crocodile like archosaurs. Nostrils located between their eyes. Measured up to 20 feet long. (Late Triassic)

39
Q

Aetosaurs

A

Lived in Triassic only. Planting eating archosaurs w/upturned snouts and armor covered bodies.

40
Q

Ornithosuchids

A

Carnivors with relatively short forelimbs and short lower jaws.

41
Q

Rauisuchians

A

Large carnivours during the Triassic. They were THE most feared predator of that Era

42
Q

Silesaurus

A

almost a dinosaur. late Triassic. small herbivore with a beak for cropping vegetables.

43
Q

Rauisuchians hip structures

A

Pillar erect (Pillars) Bad guy of his era

44
Q

Solving carriers constraint: Lizards, Eryops, Pelyocsaurs, Mammals?

A

Lizards: short bursts, stand still to breathe
Eryops: powerful tail, seperates breathing from locomotion
Pelycosaurs: stiffend backbone, less agile
Mammals: upright stance and diaphragm

45
Q

Saurischians hip shape

A

upside down v

46
Q

Ornithischians hip shape

A

backwards C

47
Q

Stegosaurs and Ankylosaurs

A

Came from Ornithiscia and then Thyreophora

48
Q

What animals were Theropods?

A

Spinosaurs, T rex, corlophysoids (bi-pedal and ate meat most of them)

49
Q

Acetabulum

A

part of the hip

50
Q

Ischium

A

part of the hip

51
Q

Ornithopods

A

herbivores. The most successful group of herbivores in cretaceous period

52
Q

Pachycephalosaurs

A

Known for having a large bony dome on the top of its head. bi pedal stance. More related to the ceratopsian

53
Q

Theropods

A

A group that included a lot of carnivours dinosaurs. Come from the saurnican group. Meat eating

54
Q

Megalosaurus`]

A

large carnivore in Jurassic. A theropod

55
Q

Oviraptor

A

It is in the Coelursurs group. Was very bird like

56
Q

Thagomizer

A

This is the Spikes that stegosaurs has to defend its self

57
Q

Pubis

A

Type of bone in the hip

58
Q

Anklyosaurs

A

Ornithischians –> Thyreophora; “shield”; spiny triangle projections off of back; were herbivores and lived in Cretaceous; had sinuses for breahting

59
Q

Iguanodonts

A

A duck built beak. One of the first groups of dinosaurs to be found

60
Q

Massospondylus

A

is a genus of sauropodomorph dinosaur

61
Q

Spinosaurs

A

Among the largest known of all living dinosaurs. It was a theropod. Skull was long and narrow. Formed a sail like structure

62
Q

What are the two major groups of dinosaurs?

A

The ornithischians and Saurischians

63
Q

What techniques did dinosaurs use for digesting vegetation

A

More developed dinosaurs used stone in their stomachs called gastroliths

64
Q

What mode of life did the sauropodomorphs and sauropods have?

A

Herbivores with long necks

65
Q

What is the mode of life for all of the Ornithischians?

A

Herbivores- fed on low cal vegetation so they were medium-sized`

66
Q

Therapsid, Pelyosaurs, archoDUDe, what order?

A

Pely, Therapsid, Arch

Geology (6 decks)

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