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Psychology 100 > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Encoding

A

process by which information gets into memory storage

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2
Q

Selective

A

Attending to certain stimuli while ignoring other stimuli

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3
Q

Divided

A

Attending to several stimuli at the same time

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4
Q

Sustained

A

Ability to maintain attention to a stimulus for a prolonged period of time

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5
Q

Storage

A

How information is retained and represented over time in memory

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6
Q

3 Memory Storage Systems

A

Sensory Memory, Short Term Memory, Long Term Memory

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7
Q

What was the Atkinson Shiffrin Model of Memory Storage

A

The three stages of memory

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8
Q

Explicit Memory (Declarative Memory)

A

Types of memory elicited through the conscious retrieval of recollection in response to direct questions

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9
Q

Implicit Memory (Non-Declarative Memory)

A

non-conscious recollection of prior experience that is revealed indirectly by its effects on performance

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10
Q

Sensory Memory

A

Visual sensory memory:iconic memory

Auditory Sensory memory:echoic memory

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11
Q

Iconic Memory

A

a fleeting sensory memory for visual images that lasts only a fraction of a second

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12
Q

Short Term Memory

A

Limited capacity, duration of 20-30 secs due to limited space and interference

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13
Q

Long Term Memory

A

Duration can last potential decades, and large capacity

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14
Q

Memory

A

The retention of information over time

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15
Q

Episodic Memory

A

retention of persona information about life’s events, autobiographical

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16
Q

Semantic Memory

A

General Knowledge about facts

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17
Q

Two parts of Explicit Memory

A

Episodic and Semantic Memory

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18
Q

Two parts of Implicit Memory

A

Procedural memory and Priming

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19
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Memory for skills

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20
Q

Priming

A

Activation of information that people already have in storage that is below conscious awareness

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21
Q

Retrieval

A

Process by which information that was retained in memory is taken out of storage

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22
Q

Development

A

Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through the life cycle

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23
Q

The course of prenatal development

A

The Germinal Period, The embryonic period, fetal period

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24
Q

Germinal Period

A

Creation of zygote, continued cell division and attachment of zygote to uterine wall

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25
Q

How long is the Germinal Period

A

Conception - day 14

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26
Q

Embryonic Period

A

major organs develop, most rapid changes occur in this stage

27
Q

How long is the Embryonic Period

A

From 2-8 weeks

28
Q

Fetal Period

A

Growth and finishing phase, rapid increase in size

29
Q

How long is the Fetal Period

A

Months 2-9

30
Q

Teratogens

A

broad range of substances and conditions that may result in defects of the fetus

31
Q

Infant Reflexes

A

Sucking, rooting, grasping, stepping, startle reflex

32
Q

Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development

A

Children actively construct their knowledge of the world through their direct interactions with physical world

33
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

A

Sensorimotor (0-2), Preoperational (2-7), Concrete Operational (7-11), Formal Operational (11-14)

34
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

(0-2), Thought- coordination of sensations with motor action.
Key development is object permanence

35
Q

Object permance

A

understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight

36
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

2-7 years, Mental representation and symbolic thinking, Egocentrism, thought limiations

37
Q

Egocentrism

A

Cannot differentiate own perspective from that of others

38
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

7-11 years, Classification and conservation

39
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

11-15 years, last through adulthood, abstract and idealistic thought, hypothetical deductive reasoning

40
Q

Infant Attachment

A

close emotional bond between caregiver and infant, during first year of life, important foundation for subsequent development

41
Q

Securely Attached Infants

A

(70%), use their mothers as a secure base by which they explore. when mothers leave they become upset

42
Q

Insecure- Avoidant Infants

A

(15%), remain independent throughout the strange situation. do not become upset when mother leaves

43
Q

Insecure-Resistant Infants

A

(15%), little exploration, clingy and preoccupied with mother. upset when mother leaves and not soothed when she returns

44
Q

Eriksons Psychosocial Development

A

Proposed 8 stages of Psychosocial development, with a positive resolution of each stage

45
Q

What are the 8 stages of Eriksons Psychosocial Development

A 
Childhood, 
trust vs mistrust,
 autonomy vs shame,
 Intitative vs guilt, 
industry vs inferiority, 
adolescence, 
identity vs indentity confusion
adulthood
intimacy vs isolation
generativity vs stagnation
intergrity vs despair
46
Q

Trusting Infants

A

(positive resolution)Trust develops when basic needs are consistently met

47
Q

Mistrusting infants

A

(negative resolution) Mistrust develops when basic needs are not consistently met

48
Q

What are the 6 basic emotions

A 
Fear
Anger
Disgust
Surprise
Happiness/Joy
Sadness/distress
49
Q

Affect

A

feeling/emotion

50
Q

Body

A

Physiological reaction

51
Q

Cognition

A

Appraisal

52
Q

5 theories of Emotion

A 
James Lange Theory
Cannon Bard Theory
Schacter Singer Theory
Lazarus Theory
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
53
Q

James Lange Theory

A

Physiological arousal occurs before emotion

B=A

54
Q

Singer-Schacter Two Factor Theory

A

Bodily changes and a cognitive label are needed to completely experience an emotion
B&C=A

55
Q

Lazarus Theory

A

cognitive occurs first and then leads to the emotional response
A=C=B

56
Q

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

A

Movements of the facial muscles produce or intensify emotional reactions

57
Q

Cannon Bard Theory

A

Stimulus causes the arousal and the emotion stimultanously

A=stimulus=B

58
Q

Autonomy

A

(positive resolution) develops when toddlers gains control over own body

59
Q

Shame and doubt

A

(negative resolution) develops when toddler can not control body

60
Q

Industry

A

(positive resolution) develops by mastering knowledge and intellectual skills, build, etc in a school setting

61
Q

Inferiority

A

(negative resolution) develops when child feels that they can not do what other children are doing

62
Q

Identity formation

A

(positive resolution) develops by figuring out who you are and where you are going in life

63
Q

Identity Confusion

A

(negative resolution) develops when we don’t select an identity

Psychology 100 (3 decks)

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