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Tim's Cards > Special Needs > Flashcards

Special Needs Flashcards

1
Q

Long lasting health condition that limits a person’t ability to see, hear, physical activity, mental capabilities

A

Impairment

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2
Q

limitations that represent a substantial disadvantage when attempting to function in society

A

Disability

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3
Q

group of malformations, deformations, and malformation Sequences, occur together due to some identifiable underlying cause

A

Syndrome

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4
Q

4 Models of Disability:

A

Traditional/Moral model

Medical/Rehab model

Social model

Integrative/disability (biopsychosocial model)

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5
Q

How many children suffer from Developmental Disability?

A

1 in 6

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6
Q

What is the most common developmental disability?

Affects _____ million people

____% have mild impairment

Cause usually unknown

A

Intellectual

6.2 - 7.5

87%

True

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7
Q

Developmental Disability manifests prior to what age?

describes _____ disabilities

A

22

life-long

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8
Q

4 most prominent Developmental Disabilities:

A

Intellectual

Cerabral Palsy

Epilepsy

Autism

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9
Q

2 trends affecting dental care for individuals w/ ID/DD

A

Increased life expectancy

Deinstututionalization

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10
Q

Collection of conceptional, social, and practical skills learned/performed by people in their everyday lives:

A

Adaptive Behavior

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11
Q

Language/literacy; money, time, numbers, self-direction:

interpersonal skills, social responsibility, gullibility, etc

activities of daily living, personal care, occupational skills, healthcare, travel, etc

A

Conceptual skills

Social skills

Practical skills

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12
Q

3 examples of individuals who can serve as a Witness to consent:

A

Dental assistant

Other dental staff

Non-relative of patient

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13
Q

3 types of Informed Consent:

A

Explicit

Implied

Specific

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14
Q

3 people that can provide consent if pt can’t:

A

Guardian

Medical Power of Attorney

Public Fiduciary

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15
Q

Failure to collect consent can result in what 3 things?

A

Criminal charges

Lawsuit

Negligent behavior

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16
Q

ADA - American with Disabilities Act, prohibits…

services to indivisuals w/ disabilities must be offered in most ______ setting appropriate to the needs of the individual (including dental offices)

A

discrimination on basis of disability

integrated

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17
Q

Wheelchair accessibility, minimum width of hallway:

_____ feet diameter to turn wheelchair around

Best to Tx pt where?

A

3 feet

5 feet

in chair

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18
Q

Remember to take _____ off chair, use sliding board when transferring pt

______ and ______ the chair

A

foot rests (and sides, leg holders)

position and lock

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19
Q

Behavioral Hx w/ caregiver includes what 4 things?

A

communication abilities

rxns to sensitive stimuli

steriotypic behaviors

previous dental/med experiences

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20
Q

in Behavioral Hx what is important to ask?

A

techniques/suggestions to distract pt during Tx

*music, game, etc

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21
Q

Pt should have what kind of environment for care?

A

Least restrictive possible

*most participation possible

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22
Q

Medical/Social Hx, oral hygiene ability, sitting time, sedation/anesthetic contraindications, ability/willingness for RPD, esthetics

A

Tx plan - whole person

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23
Q

Past exp. dental care

med conditions

meds taking - side effects

sensory impairments?

A

Know your pt!

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24
Q

3 types of sensory impairments:

A

Hearing loss

Visual

Hypersensitivity (sound, touch, lighting)

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25
Q

SOAP:

A

Subjective (CC, Hx)

Objective (clinical, radiographic, vitals)

Assessment (diagnosis, risk assess)

Plan (Tx, mods, procedures)

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26
Q

ID type/risk associated w/ dental procedure:

A

AAOM risk assessment

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27
Q

Risk assessment based on what 4 things:

A

Med Hx

Exam (vitals/clinical/radiographic)

Lab/diagnostics

Consultations

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28
Q

3 questions to ask in Risk Assessment:

A

likelihood of adverse event during procedure

nature/severity of adverse event

appropriate setting for Tx

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29
Q

4 Purposes for Medical Consult:

A

Request evaluation (systemic disease)

Specific info (Tx mods)

Determine if dental Tx prudent

Request change in pts therapy

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30
Q

1 reason NOT to get consult:

A

clearance/permission

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31
Q

Good Med Consult must be concise, specific, request only ________

Avoid asking clearance, use a _______

Know current protocols/guidelines, inform physician of ______ and ________

contact info for dental provider/physician, and get Pt’s ________

A

pertinent facts

checklist

diagnosis, planned Tx

informed consent for info release

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32
Q

What is the most common malformation syndrome?

A

Trisomy 21

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33
Q

Mean IQ Trisomy 21:

often equivalent to _____ grade level

Congenital heart defects in _____%

Impaired immunity from decreased _______ function

Hypothyroidism in ______ %

_______ anomalies common

Atlanto-axial instability in ______%

A

50

6th

40-50%

neutrophil

16-20%

Airway

14%

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34
Q

Trisomy 21 Increased incidence of what 5 dental deficits:

A

Missing LI’s

Peg laterals

Excessive spacing

short rounded roots

Maxillary hypoplasia

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35
Q

Maxillary hypoplasia in Trisomy 21 causes _______

Class ______ malocclusion

What tooth anomaly:

increased incidence of _____ disease

Relative _______

Perio disease present when?

A

crowding

III

Taurodontism

perio

macroglossia

early childhood

36
Q

Chronic disorder of movement/coordination, caused by injury to the immature brain during prenatal/perinatal period:

Damages ____ areas of developing brain

Is a ______ encephalopathy

A

Cerebral Palsy

Motor

Static

37
Q

CP, Spastic ____%

Dyskinetic/Athetoid _____% (low tone, loose, uncontrolled)

Ataxic _____% (balance, depth perception)

A

70-80%

10-15%

less than 5%

38
Q

Most common type of Dementia:

A

Alzheimer’s

39
Q

% Dementia: Alzheimers:

Mixed Alzheimers/Vascular:

Lewy Body Variant:

Frontal Temporal

Vascular

Brain injury

A

40-65%

20-40%

25%

10-20%

10-20%

4%

40
Q

T/F
infection, teratogens, trauma, multiple births, seizures, illness, premature birth, low birth weight, intracraneal hemorrhage, hypoxia/bradycardia, hyperbilirubinemia are risk factors for CP

A

True

41
Q

Umbrella term for Progressive genetic diseases degenerating skeletal/voluntary muscles

*cardiac muscle/other involuntaries may or may not be involved

A

Muscular Dystrophy

42
Q

7 most common types of neuromuscular disorders (Muscular Dystrophy)

A

Duchenne

Becker

Fascioscapulohumeral

Emery-Dreifuss

Limb-girdle

Myotonic dystrophy

Congenital

43
Q

Describe oral characteristics of Muscular Dystrophy:

Can include what 3 oral manifestations:

Mx/Mn arch consideration:

Similar to CP b/c pts w/ gait problems are at increased risk for dental trauma:

A

variable, progressive (depending on disease severity)

ant open bite, MACROglossia, sialorrhea

expansion

True

44
Q

What type of seizure is brief, shock-like, and usually does NOT affect consciousness

A

Myoclonic

45
Q

Myoclonic seizure affects neck, shoulders, ____ arms, body, and ____ legs

Duration:

Consciousness:

EEG:

A

upper, upper

less than 1 second

not usually impaired

polyspike and slow wave discharge

46
Q

T/F

Even pts compliant w/ meds have breakthrough seizures

A

True

47
Q

Breakthrough seizures can be related to physical stress/pain

A

True

48
Q

4 possible triggers for Breakthrough Seizures:

A

LA overdose/inadvertent intravascular injection

Hypoxia secondary to vasovagal syncopy

hypoglycemia/insulin OD

Cerebral vascular accident/Transient ischemic attacks

49
Q

2 Anticonvulsants and their side effects:

A

Phenytoin - gingival hyperplasia

Carbamazepine - xerostomia/stomatitis/increased caries

50
Q

Phenytoin, consider use of ____ and ______

Carbamazepine, consider using ______ to reduce caries from xerostomia

A

CHX, folic acid

topical fluoride

51
Q

T/F

It is important to determine if the masticatory apparatus is involved in a seizure

A

True

52
Q

4 conditions upon which seizure pt can be treated:

A

Seizure free (w/ or w/o meds)

Rare seizures (less than 1/yr)

not involve masticatory apparatus

no special needs

53
Q

What 2 seizure types do not involve the masticatory apparatus?

A

absence

myoclonic

54
Q

2 seizure conditions requiring special consideration for dental Tx:

A

involves masticatory apparatus

generalized tonic-clonic

55
Q

If seizure, Place dental chair in what position?

place pt on what side?

if seizure lasts more than ____ minutes, call 911

can administer _____ L/min Oxygen if pt cyanotic

if lasts longer than ___ min, Status Epilepticus

A

supine (low to floor)

left

3

6-8

5 min

56
Q

3 types of single gene disorders:

A

auto dom

auto rec

x-linked

57
Q

OI (osteogenesis imperfecta) inheritance:

mutation is genes that code for what?

clinical class system developed in 1970 by David ______

A

Autosomal Dominant

type I collagen

Sillence

58
Q

OI defect at ______ on chromosome 17

______ on chromosome 7

A

Col1A1

Col1A2

59
Q

4 factors determining effect of teratogen:

A

timing

length

species

genetic predisposition

60
Q

What type of inheritance is responsible for the largest percentage of birth defects?

A

Multifactorial

61
Q

3 multifactorial diseases:

A

Asthma

Coronary artery

Alzheimers

62
Q

4 categories of craniofacial disorders:

A

craniosynostosis syndromes

clefting syndromes

branchial arch disorders

dental, gingival, perio (syndromes)

63
Q

T/F

There are no specific genetic, medical lab tests available for autism and Diagnosis is based on behavior

A

True

64
Q

In ASD there is enormous variation on _____ patterns and _____ of symptoms

A

behavioral

severity

65
Q

ASD etiology:

A

unknown

*genetic, neurotransmitter defect, infection, metabolic errors, immunologic, environmental - all theories

66
Q

5 Indications for further eval (ASD):

A

no babbling, cooing by 12 months

no pointing, waving, grasping by 12 months

no single words by 16 months

no 2 words by 24 months

loss of language/social skills

67
Q

6 characteristics ASD:

A

insistence on sameness

repetitive (stereotypical) movements

unresponsive to verbal cues, no eye contact

difficulty expressing needs

social situation difficulty

attachment to objects

68
Q

6 impairments of ASD:

A

sensorimotor

echolalia

no symbolic thinking

self-injury

intellectual disability

seizure

69
Q

ASD, ____% have intellectual disability

____% have seizures:

A

70%

30%

70
Q

4 behavior management strategies for ASD:

A

Hx

peculiarities/stereotypic

communication

noise, touch, light sensitivities

71
Q

ASD, after Hx, before Tx:

A

desensitization (familiarize w/ dental environment, staff

72
Q

3 Behavior management strategies:

A

Tell-show-do

immediate positive/neg reinforcement

Modeling (sibling)

73
Q

ABA

Medical immobilization, sedation, general anesthesia

A

applied behavioral analysis

*behavioral management ASD

74
Q

3 reasons for medical immobilization:

A

uncooperative due to lack of maturity

unable to cooperate due to mental/physical disability

safety of pt/practitioner

75
Q

Some ASD pts like restraints, others don’t, be sure to obtain…

A

consent from guardian

76
Q

How many americans have a disability?

A

50 million

77
Q

Premedicate in what 4 conditions?

A

Prosthetic heart valve

bacterial endocarditis hx

heart transplant w/ valvulopathy

congenital heart defects

78
Q

Dementia is the deterioration of mental faculty due to what?

A

organic disease/disorder of brain

79
Q

Dementia is defined by what?

A

severity to interfere w/ daily functioning

80
Q

Dementia is characterized by multiple cognitive defects, memory impairment, and at least one of the following 5 disturbances:

A

aphasia (idea)

amnesia

agnosia (objects)

apraxia (coordination)

executive functioning (goal directed behavior)

81
Q

Prevalence Alzheimers increases w/ age, but most often above…

Avg lifespan of people w/ Alzheimers:

A

65

8-10 yrs

82
Q

investigates/resolves complaints of residents in nursing facilities, board and care facilities, etc

A

long-term care ombudsman program

83
Q

Every year ____ million older americans are victims of elder abuse

every case reported, probably ____ not reported

abused elders tend to die earlier

A

2.1

5

True

84
Q

Elder abuse, dentist should report to…

Academy of general dentistry, dentists 1st line of defense, must take action

A

Adult Protective Services

True

85
Q

Trauma, injuries, bruising, confinement, isolation, passivity, depression, anxiety, large financial withdrawals, unpaid bills

A

think elder abuse

86
Q

Warning signs of Elder Abuse may include what 3 things?

A

Bleeding gums

poor dentition

oral hygiene

87
Q

Reporting abuse, dentist required to take photographs, include _______

if you’re guilty of not reporting, it is a….

A

radiologic exams

class 1 misdemeanor

Tim's Cards (140 decks)

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