Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
The normal adult respiratory rate range?
A
12-16 bpm
2
Q
Normal infant respiratory rate range?
A
30-60 bpm
3
Q
4 physiological factors affecting respiratory rate
A
• genetics
• inherited disease
•
4
Q
Define the following volumes: tidal volume, vital capacity, excitatory reserve volume, inspiratory reserve volume and residual air
A
- tidal volume: normal breathing
- erv: amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after tidal expiration
- irv: amount of air taken in forcibly over tidal volume
- vital capacity: total amount of exchangeable air (tv + irv + erv)
- residual air: air that remains in lungs after strenuous expiration
5
Q
The organs forming the respiratory tract
A
Nose pharynx larynx trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
6
Q
Functions of the upper respiratory tract
A
- Passageway for respiration (pharynx)
- Moistens and warms incoming air (nasal cavity)
- Resonating chamber for voice (larynx)
- Receptors for smell (nose)
7
Q
Inspiration breathing mechanisms
A
- intercostal muscles contract
- rib cage moves upwards and outwards
- diaphragm contracts and flattens
- Lin volume increases
- pressure in the lungs decrease
8
Q
Regulations of breathing
A
Controlled in the medulla oblongata in the brain is affected by:
- temperature
- blood pressure
- levels of CO2 in arterial blood
Carotid and aortic bodies detects changes in oxygen and CO2
Nerves receptors in intercostal muscle send signal to respiratory centre in the medulla oblongata
