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Head And Neck > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What are the structures forming the roof of the orbit?

A

The frontal bone and the lesser wing of the spenoid

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2
Q

What are the structures forming the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

The zygomatic and the spenoid bone.

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3
Q

What are the the structures forming the floor of the orbit?

A

The maxillary and the zygomatic bones

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4
Q

What are the structures forming the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid, the maxillary, the lacrimal and the spenoid bones

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5
Q

What structures pass through the optic canal?

A

The optic nerve and the opthalmic atery

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6
Q

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

A

Transmit the lacrimal, frontal, trochlea, occulomtors, nasociliary and abducens nerves, and contains the superior opthalmic vein

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7
Q

Whihc structures run through the inferior orbital fissure?

A

The maxillay nerve, the opthalmic nerve and the sympatheic veins

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8
Q

What are some of the features of a orbital rim fracture?

A

A fracture of the bones from the outer rim of the bony orbit, usually occures at the sutures joining the three bones- the maxilla, the zygomatic and the frontal bone

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9
Q

What are some of the features of a blowout fracture?

A

Refers to the partial herniation of the orbital contents through one of the walls, usaully occurs through blunt force or trauma to the eye, and the medial and inferior walls are the weakest with the contents most likley to herniate through, and contents hernaitin into the ethomodi and maxillary sinuses.

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10
Q

Which muscle can be trapped in a blowout fracture?

A

The inferior rectus muscle can become stuck

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11
Q

What are the structures found in the fibrous layer of the eyeball?

A

The outermost layer that contians the scelra and the cornea

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12
Q

What are some of the features of the scelera?

A

The majority of the fibrous layer and provides attachement to the extra- ocular muscles

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13
Q

What are some of the features of the cornea?

A

Is transparent and located centrally within the eye, and light entering the eyes is refracted by the cornea

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14
Q

What is the choroid?

A

A ;ayer of connective tissue and blood vessel that provides nourishment to the outer layers of the eye

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15
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

Is comprised of two parts the ciliary muscles and the ciliary processes, the ciliary muscle is a collection of smooth muscle fibres that are attached to the lens of the eye by the ciliary processes, and the ciliary body controls the shape of the lens, and also contributes to the formation of an aqueous humour

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16
Q

What is the iris?

A

A circular structure, wiht an apeture in the centre, and the diameter of the pupil is alteres by the smooth muscle fibres whithin the iris, and innervated by the autonomic nervous system and is situated between the lens and the cornea

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17
Q

What are the two inner layers of the eye?

A

The neural layer that consists of the photrreceptros, and the pidmenation layer that lies underneath the neural layer and is attached to the chorioid layer

18
Q

What is the macula?

A

Is an area at the centre of the retina containing a depression called the fovea, which has a high concentration of light detecting cells, and is where the highest acuity vision occurs

19
Q

What is the optic disc?

A

An area where the optic nerve enters the retina, and has no light detecting cells within this area

20
Q

What is papillodema?

A

Swelling of the optic disk, the is visible using a opthalmoscope

21
Q

What are the causes of papillodema?

A

Swelling occurs secondary to raised intercranial pressure, and the high pressure in the cranium resists the venous return from the eye and causes fluid to collect in the retina

22
Q

What is retinal detachement?

A

A detachment results from a seepage of fluid between the nearla and pigament cell layers, which can occur for days or weeks after a trauma, and the paitent may complain of flashes of light or specks floating in front of the eye

23
Q

Where is the anterior chamber of the eye located?

A

Is located between the cornea and the iris

24
Q

Where is the posterior chamber of the eye located?

A

Between the iris and the ciliary proccess

25
Q

What are some of the features of aqueous humour?

A

Is produced constantly and drains via the traebecular meshwork, an area of tissue at the base of the conrea.

26
Q

What is a open angle glucoma?

A

Where the outflow of aqueous humour through the traebecular meshqoek is reduced, and this causes a gradual reduction in vision until the end stage of the disease

27
Q

What is a closed angle glucoma?

A

Where the iris is forced agaisnt the traebecular meshwork, preventing any drainge of aqueous humour, is an opthamlic emergency as it can rapidly lead to blindness

28
Q

What is a catract?

A

A loss of transpency an increase in cloudiness of the lens

29
Q

What is the extraocular muscle supplied by the abducens nerve?

A

The lateral rectus

30
Q

What is the extraocular muscle supplied by the trochlear nerve?

A

The superior oblique

31
Q

What are the extraocular muscles supplied the occulomotor nerve?

A

The superior rectus, inferior rectus and medial rectus, the inferior oblique and the levator palprae superiorus

32
Q

Where do the msucles of the eye (apart from the obliques) oringate from?

A

A common tendinous rin

33
Q

Where do the extraocular muscles attach?

A

The sclera

34
Q

What are the sympatheic fibres in the eyelid called?

A

The superior tarsal muscle

35
Q

What is the function of the superior oblique?

A

To enable the eye to look down medially

36
Q

What is the function of the inferior oblqique?

A

To help a person to look upwards medially

37
Q

What is the most important atery in supplying blood to the eye and from where does it arise?

A

The central atery of the retina, which arise s from the the opthalmic atery which is a branch of the internal cartoid that arises immeadatly distal to the cavernous sinus

38
Q

What is the clincal importance of a central retinal atery occulsion?

A

Will quickly result in blindness, and is a end atery, and you will usually see a cherry red spot on a pale background

39
Q

Where does the central retinal vein drain?

A

Into the superior opathalmic vein, which drains into the cavernous sinus

40
Q

What are the clincal features of a central retinal vein occulsion?

A

Because the central vein of the retina enters the cavernous sinus, and theroemplitis of sinus can result in passage to the central retinal vein and then cause an occulision

41
Q

What are the nerve lesions that result in complete and partial ptsois?

A

Complete ptosis results from a CNIII lesion whereas partial ptosis results from a sympatheic lesion

Head And Neck (15 decks)

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