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Clinical Chemistry > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What does SPEP stand for?

What are the 5 major peaks?

Oncotic pressure is maintained by what?

A

Serum protein electrophoresis

albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta, gamma

albumin

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2
Q

What is the largest contributor to alpha-1?

What does this contributor do?

What is the largest contributor to alpha-2?

What does this contributor do?

A

Antitrypsin

Acute phase reactant

Haptoglobin

Binds free Hgb

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3
Q

How does liver damage lead to ascites?

A
  • Liver damage decreases albumin production (liver synthesizes alb)
  • Decrease in oncotic pressure
  • Fluid leaks from vessels
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4
Q

What does ESRD stand for?

What is the Cockcroft-Gault equation?

What does it measure?

A

End stage renal disease

(140-age)(mass)
72 - Creatserum

Glomerular filtration rate

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5
Q

What if creatinine clearance is low but serum creatinine is high?

A
  • Suspect error in collection of urine.
  • If seum creatinine is normal, we would expect normal clearance
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6
Q

What is the BUN:Creatinine reference range?

A

10:1 - 20:1 (reference range)

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7
Q

What does a higher (>20:1) BUN:Creatinine ratio indicate?

A

Higher – BUN is elevated, Creatinine is normal

Problem is NOT renal or post-renal –> it is being cleared

Problem is pre-renal

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8
Q

What does a Low BUN:Crea (<10:1) indicate?

A

BUN low, creatinine low

Problem is RENAL.

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9
Q

What tests are used to assess renal function? What is the value of testing this particular analyte?

A

BUN, Creatinine. Produced and exceted.

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10
Q

How is [BUN] converted to [urea]?

What can influence BUN values?

A

2.14

Diet

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11
Q

What do increased creatinine levels indicate?

What is the creatinine clearance test?

A

Impaired kidney fx or disease.

24 hour measurement of serum/plasma and urine secretion of urea

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12
Q
  • Uric acid is the product of _____.
  • Catabolic metabolites are converted to uric acid in _____.
  • Uric acid is _____ in plasma.
  • What happens when there is high quantities of uric acid in plasma?
A
  • Purine catabolism (from nucleic acids, from tissue destruction)
  • Liver
  • Insoluble
  • Dx for gout, hereditary metabolic issues, kidney disease
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13
Q

What happens when uric acid levels build up due to purine catabolism?

A
  • Uric acid precipitates out and forms crystals
  • Crystals accumulate in joints (and can cause urinary calculi).
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14
Q

Gout is a result of _____ which may be present in _____.

High _____ is not diagnostic of gout but ID of _____ is.

A

A buildup up monosodium ureate crystals, urine

Uric acid, monosodium ureate crystals

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15
Q

Hyperuricemia may indicate:

  • _____
  • Tx with cytotoxic drugs
  • _____ and _____ process
  • _____
  • _____
A

Hyperuricemia may indicate:

  • Gout
  • Tx withcytoxic drugs
  • Hemolytic and proliferative process
  • Renal disease
  • Purine-rich diet
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16
Q

Hypouricemia may indicate

  1. _____ disease
  2. Overtreatment of _____
A

Hypouricemia may indicate

  1. Liver disease
  2. Over treatment of allopurinol (Drug used to treat gout and kidney stones caused by uric acid)
17
Q

What is the Caraway method used for?

What enzyme is used for this test?

Why would an MT not want to use the Caraway method?

A

Uric acid testing (oxidation of uric acid)

Uricase

Lacks specificity.

18
Q

_____ is used to asses liver function.

This is found in _____ concentrations in the liver.

A

Ammonia

(Deamination and conversion converts ammonia to urea)

Low

19
Q

_____ can lead to increased ammonia levels.

What can lead us to rule out liver involvement?

A

Enzyme deficiencies

Other liver markers are normal.

20
Q

Liver problems can be the result of ____ or ____. This syndrome primarily affects children under _____. The cause is unknown, but seems to occur following _____ or ingestion of toxins such as _____.

A
  1. Enzyme deficiencies
  2. Reye’s syndrome
  3. 18
  4. Acute viral infections
  5. Salicylate

Clinical Chemistry (8 decks)

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