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Pharmacy (year one) > Oral solid dosage forms > Flashcards

Oral solid dosage forms Flashcards

1
Q

What are the reasons for coating a tablet?

A 
Protect the drug
Mask the taste/appearance
Identification
Easier to swallow
Changing the release properties
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2
Q

What are the types of coating for tablets?

A

Film - polymers

Sugar (s/c) - sucrose

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3
Q

What are capsules?

A

One or more drug encased in a gelatin shell

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4
Q

Can capsules be opened?

A

Yes - can be swallowed whole or opened

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5
Q

Why are capsules used?

A

Mask taste
Easier to swallow
Administer a measured volume of drug

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6
Q

What are the two types of capsule?

A

Hard gelatin

Soft gelatin

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7
Q

What are the issues surrounding capsules?

A

Vegetarians and religion

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8
Q

Which type of capsule has a two piece outer shell?

A

Hard gelatin

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9
Q

Which type of capsule has a one piece flexible shell?

A

Soft gelatin

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10
Q

Which type of capsule can be cleared or coloured?

A

Both soft and hard gelatin

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11
Q

Which type of capsule is filled with powder, granules or pellets?

A

Hard gelatin

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12
Q

Which type of capsule can be filled with powders, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, oils or pastes?

A

Soft gelatin

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13
Q

Which type of capsule can be swallowed whole or as sprinkle caps?

A

Hard gelatin

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14
Q

Which type of gelatin can be swallowed whole, chewed or be opened for external use?

A

Soft gelatin

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15
Q

What are granules?

A

Powders that have been aggregated together to form larger particles

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16
Q

Are granules for internal or external use?

A

Internal

17
Q

What are diluents/fillers such as lactose, mannitol and cellulose used for?

A

To add bulk

18
Q

What are binders such as gelatin and cellulose derivatives used for?

A

To make granules

19
Q

What are disintegrants such as modified cellulose/starch used for?

A

To break up the tablet

20
Q

What are lubricants/glidants such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and talc used for?

A

To improve flow properties

21
Q

What are colourants such as those with E numbers used for?

A

Identification/appearance

22
Q

In effervescent tablets/powders a reaction between a _________ and ________ produces CO2 to break the tablet up

A

carbonate and weak acid

23
Q

In chewable tablets, mannitol is a sweetener used and has three functions which are?

A

Sweeten
Aid solubility
For a pleasant feel in the mouth

24
Q

What are the three types of modified release formulations work?

A

Delayed release
Enteric coating
Extended release

25
Q

How do delayed release formulations work?

A

Releases drug after a specific time frame to help target drug delivery

26
Q

How do enteric coated formulations work?

A

prevents release of drug in stomach (acidic)
Drug is released in the intestine
Controlled by pH
Protects the drug or protects the stomach

27
Q

How do extended release formulations work?

A

Release of drug from formulation is prolonged
Reduces frequency of dosing can improve compliance
Names include MR, CR, SR, XL, LA, SA

28
Q

How does a matrix system work in MR?

A

Drug with a matrix, matrix controls the release of the drug. It is made of polymers and can be split

29
Q

How does a reservoir/membrane system work?

A

Coating creates a semi-permeable membrane. Membrane controls the release. Made from polymers and plasticisers. Cannot be split

30
Q

In terms of stability what factors affect oral solid dosage forms?

A

Heat
Light
Moisture

31
Q

What are the disadvantages of tablets and capsules?

A 
Slow onset of action
First pass metabolism
Systemic action and side effects
Gelatin issues
Difficulty swallowing - elderly, children, oral route not available
32
Q

What are the advantages of powders and granules?

A

Very stable and can be reconstituted to liquids
Accurate dosing from sachets
Faster onset of action
Good for patients with difficulty swallowing
Release can be modified for granules

33
Q

What are the disadvantages of powders and granules?

A 
Less convenient for patient
Inaccurate dosing from bulk pots
First pass metabolism 
Systemic action and side effects
Difficult to mask taste
34
Q

What are the advantages of tablets and capsules?

A 
Very stable
Accurate dosing
Convenient for the patient
Easy to make and low cost
Taste can be masked
Release can be modified
Can be enteric coated

Pharmacy (year one) (60 decks)

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