Issues And Debates Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of universality

A

To develop theories that apply to all people

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2
Q

Definition of bias

A

Distortion in representation of group/data etc

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3
Q

Definition of gender bias

A

A distorted view of behaviours that may be typical and atypical for men and/ or women

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4
Q

Definition of alpha bias

A

Research that exaggerates differences between men and women

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5
Q

Definition of beta bias

A

Ignores, minimises or underestimates differences between men and women

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6
Q

Definition of androcentrism

A

Centred on men, often to the neglect or exclusion of women

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7
Q

Definition of cultural bias

A

The tendency to judge all people in terms of your own cultural assumptions. This distorts or biases your judgement.

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8
Q

Definition of ethnocentrism

A

Judging others by the value and standards of ones own culture

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9
Q

Definition of cultural relativism

A

Behaviour cannot be properly judged unless it is viewed in the context of the culture in which it originates

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10
Q

Definition of free will

A

People have the power to make choices about their own behaviour . People are free to choose and control their behaviour

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11
Q

Definition of determinism

A

Behaviour is controlled by either internal or external forces acting upon the individual

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12
Q

Definition of hard determinism

A

All human behaviour has a cause and in principle it should be possible to identify and describe these causes

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13
Q

Definition of soft determinism

A

Whilst acknowledging that all human action has a cause, soft determinists also suggest some room for manoeuvre somewhere in that people have conscious mental control over the way they behave

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14
Q

Definition of biological determinism

A

Behaviour is determined by physiological factors out side of our control. E.g. Genes, neurotransmitters, brain structure

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15
Q

Definition of environmental determinism

A

Behaviour is determined by environmental factors (the consequences) outside of our control e.g reinforcements and punishments for behaviour

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16
Q

Definition of psychic determinism

A

Behaviour is determined by unconscious conflicts outside of our control e.g between the id and superego

17
Q

Definition of nature

A

Behaviour is seen to be a product of innate (genetic) factors

18
Q

Definition of nurture

A

Behaviour is seen to be a product of environmental factors

19
Q

Definition of the relative importance of heredity and environment in determining behaviour

A

The contribution of nature and nurture

20
Q

Definition of the interactionist approach

A

Behaviour is a product of genetic and environmental influences working together

21
Q

Definition of holism

A

Analysing the person/behaviour as a whole breaking behaviour down is inappropriate