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Reproduction > pathology of the pregnant animal > Flashcards

pathology of the pregnant animal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of an embryo? Up to how many days is it considered to be an embryo in the cow and horse?

A

Once started developing along axis but organogenesis not appreciably begun. 35-45 days in cows and horses

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2
Q

What is the definition of an abortion in a cow?

A

Before 271 days. Born dead or lives less than 24 hours

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3
Q

Which species are CL dependent throughout pregnancy?

A

Dog, cows, pigs, goats

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4
Q

Which species are not CL dependent throughout pregnancy?

A

Sheep, horse, queen

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5
Q

How is parturition initiated

A 
foetal stress
foetal ACTH
foetal cortisol
increased oestrogen mother
increased myometrial oxytocin receptors
PGF placenta
decreased progesterone 
myometrial contraction
relaxin - placental detachment 
birth
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6
Q

What are the 3 main reasons for early embryonic loss?

A

Chromosomal abnormalities
Genetic factors
Uterine environment

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7
Q

What percentage can be considered normal for embryonic death in most species?

A

15-30%

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8
Q

What are the common infectious agents for embryonic death in cows?

A 
Chlamydophila psiticae
Plasmas (urea, myco, achole)
BVDV
IBR
Tritrich fetus
Blue tongue
Campy fetus
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9
Q

What is the most common cause of SMEDI in pigs?

A

parvo

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10
Q

Mummification is usually caused by what kind of organism?

A

Virus, genetic, twin mare, placental insufficiency, protozoa, uterine torsion (queen)
NOT bacteria

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11
Q

In mummification there is odour yes/no?

closed cervix yes/no?

A

no odour

closed cervix

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12
Q

What causes maceration

A

Bacteria. Commonly venereal infections

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13
Q

Name 2 common venereal bacteria

A

tritrich fetus

campy fetus venerealis

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14
Q

Is maceration smelly?

A

yep. fetid

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15
Q

What organisms are involved in foetal emphysema?

A

Bacteria, usually gas producing e.g. clostridia

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16
Q

Is the cervix open or closed with fetal emphysema?

A

open

17
Q

Does emphysema usually cause uterine lesions?

A

Yep. Often fatal to the dam through toxaemia

18
Q

bacterial and fungal infections in the mare’s uterus are usually via ____ route

A

ascending

19
Q

What percentage need to be aborting before it’s worth investigating in sheep?

A

1-2%

make sure to send placenta as well

20
Q

What percentage need to be aborting before it’s worth investigating in cows?

A

3-5%

21
Q

What percentage need to be aborting before it’s worth investigating in pigs?

A

only investigate outbreaks

22
Q

What 3 things are important to submit for abortion investigation?

A

fresh fetus(es), placenta, dam serum

23
Q

How do you usually diagnose bacterial and fungal causes of abortion?

A

culture of foetal stomach contents (+- lung and liver)

24
Q

How do you diagnose leptospirosis abortion?

A

PCR foetal kidney

25
Q

How do you diagnose chlamydophila abortus abortion?

A

impression smear & ZN staining of placenta

26
Q

What is the main cause of mycotic abortions?

A

aspergillus fumigatus

27
Q

What lesions are seen on the placenta and fetus with aspergillus fumigatus?

A

leathery thick placenta covered in exudate

Elevated greyish plaques on fetal skin and eyelids.

28
Q

Aujezky’s disease is a ____ virus

A

herpes

29
Q

BVDV is a ____ virus

A

pesti

30
Q

PRRS and EVA are ____ viruses

A

arteri

31
Q

Diagnosis of viral abortion is usually done by ___

A

PCR

32
Q

What pathogen should you suspect if there is cerebellar hypoplasia?

A

BVD

33
Q

What pathogen should you suspect if there is hydrancephalus?

A

bluetongue

34
Q

What is being described?

persistent infection in cows. Horizontal transmission from dogs, vertical transmission to calves.

A

neospora caninum

35
Q

How is neospora caninum diagnosed?

A

PCR of brainstem

histopath of brain and heart

36
Q

What protozoa is being described?

venereal transmission commmon, often causes maceration. Lives in the male prepuce, can cause endometritis/pyometra.

A

Tritrick fetus

37
Q

WHat is being decribed?
transmitted by cat poo
strawberry pip cotyledons
zoonotic

A

toxoplasma gondii

38
Q

How do ou diagnose toxo?

A

serology on fetal fluids

histopath

39
Q

what is the proper name for enzootic aboriton?

A

Chlamydophila abortus

Reproduction (13 decks)

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