Respiratory Dry Room 5

Question 1

What sort of muscle is the diaphragm?

Answer 1

Skeletal

Question 2

How any attachments does the diaphragm have and how many hiatuses?

Answer 2

4 attachments

3 major hiatuses and a number of minor ones

Question 3

What is a hiatus?

Answer 3

Opening for structures to pass between thorax and abdomen

Question 4

Of the left and right domes of the diaphragm - which one lies more superior and why?

Answer 4

Right as the liver is on the right side in the abdomen

Left is also lower to allow more room for heart

Question 5

What cardiac structure is attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm?

Answer 5

Fibrous pericardium

Question 6

What is a crus/the crura of the diaphragm?

Answer 6

2 tendinous structures that extend below the diaphragm to the vertebral column

Question 7

What vertebrae is the left crus attached?

Answer 7

L1-L2

Question 8

What vertebrae is the right crus attached?

Answer 8

L1-L3

Question 9

What membrane covers the superior surface of the diaphragm?

Answer 9

Parietal pleura

Question 10

What direction do the domes of the diaphragm go when it contracts?

Answer 10

Inferiorly into abdomen

Question 11

What flower is the central tendon of diaphragm shaped like?

Answer 11

Clover

Question 12

What tendon is the diaphragm attached to?

Answer 12

Central tendon/aponeurosis

Question 13

What costal cartilages is the diaphragm attached to?

Answer 13

Ribs 7-12

Question 14

What part of sternum is diaphragm attached to ?

Answer 14

Xiphoid

Question 15

What 3 structures pass through the 3 major hiatuses from anterior to posterior order?

Answer 15

Inferior vena cava
Oesophagus
Aorta

Question 16

What part of the diaphragm does the inferior vena cava pass through? How does this assist venous return?

Answer 16

Central Tendonous

Assists return because as we breathe in tendons stretch the IVC wider, and pressure in the thorax decreases also drawing blood up

Question 17

What innervates the diaphragm? Is it motor or sensor?

Answer 17

Phrenic nerves gibe motor and sensory innervation

Question 18

What nerves innervate the peripheral parts of the diaphragm - sensory or motor?

Answer 18

Lower intercostal nerves - sensory

Question 19

What vertebral levels of the spinal cord contribute to the phrenic nerve?

Answer 19

C3 4 and 5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)

Question 20

What other pair of nerves run medial to the phrenic nerves ?

Answer 20

Vagus nerves