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A Level Psychology > 3.2.3 Cognitive Explanations Of Schizophrenia > Flashcards

3.2.3 Cognitive Explanations Of Schizophrenia Flashcards

1
Q

(Hallucinations) what percent of people have experienced hallucinations? (Clarborn)

A

2.5-4%

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2
Q

(Hallucinations) most people experiencing hallucinations are not what?

A

Diagnosed with schizophrenia

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3
Q

(Hallucinations) what can cause people to hear voices in maladaptive ways? (Morrison)

A

Triggers e.g. Sleep deprivation

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4
Q

(Hallucinations) what happens to the voices that are heard?

A

They are processes inappropriately

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5
Q

(Hallucinations) give an example of voices being processed inappropriately:

A

Thinking they belong to the devil

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6
Q

(Hallucinations) this inappropriate processing can lead to what?

A

Social withdrawal and self harm

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7
Q

(Hallucinations)this is a vicious circle involving what?

A 
Hallucinations 
Inappropriate processing
Social withdrawl
Sadness and shame
Reinforces the voices messages
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8
Q

(Negative symptoms) what does the cognitive approach have difficulty explaining?

A

Negative symptoms

E.g. Alogia, flatness of effect, avolition

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9
Q

(Negative symptoms) beck drew a theory from what?

A

Cognitive triad

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10
Q

(Negative symptoms) Beck - what is the cognitive triad most commonly used to explain?

A

Depression

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11
Q

(Negative symptoms) in the cognitive triad there are negative views about what 3 things?

A

The world
The future
Oneself

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12
Q

(Negative symptoms) give an example about a negative view of the future:

A

I will never be good at anything

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13
Q

(Negative symptoms) give an example of a negative view of oneself:

A

I am worthless

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14
Q

(Negative symptoms) give an example of negative views about the world:

A

Everyone is against me

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15
Q

(Negative symptoms) Beck proposed individuals with schizophrenia endorsed what?

A

Dysfunctional beliefs about their performance and ability to experience pleasure

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16
Q

(Negative symptoms) Beck - schizophrenic individuals also hold what view of the future?

A

Cynical and gloomy view

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17
Q

(Negative symptoms) Beck - a schizophrenics mental filters only allow in what?

A

Negative messages

18
Q

(Negative symptoms) Beck - negative messages along with inappropriate processing does what?

A

Supports their pessimistic view resulting in symptoms

19
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith proposed positive symptoms can be explained by what?

A

Difficulties in inhibiting preconscious content

20
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - normally our senses receive a lot of info from where?

A

Our environment

21
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) when we become aware of the info what do we do?

A

Interpret it in our preconscious

22
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - the best fit of the incoming info does what?

A

Gets propelled into our conscious allowing us to make sense of the info

23
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) what are the attentional filters?

A

Those inhibiting most of the info making it out of our preconscious

24
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) Frith - in some people these attentional filters are what?

A

Defective

25
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) individuals with schizophrenia receive so much what?

A

Info and ways to interpret it that they find it difficult to carry out action

26
Q

(Lack of preconscious filters) with delusions a defective preconscious filter leads to what?

A

Misinterpreting of sound hearing it as voices

27
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) those with schizophrenia have difficulty understanding what?

A

Others thoughts and intentions

28
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) difficulty in understanding influences their what?

A

Language use and speech interpretation

29
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) e.g. Delusions of alien control involves inability to self what?

A

Self monitor and recognise the voice in your head

30
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) E.g. Delusions of persecution involve inability to do what? Give an example:

A

Interpret others thought and action

E.g. Someone makes eye contact they are convinced they are following them

31
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) a schizophrenic person holds mundane events as what?

A

Personally meaningful and significant

32
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) Frith theory of mind might account for what types of disorders?

A

Disorders of willed action
Disorders of self monitoring
Disorders of monitoring others thoughts

33
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of willed action?

A

Difficulty understanding own thought and behaviour (disorganised thinking)

34
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of self monitoring?

A

Alien control hallucinations

35
Q

(Compromised theory of mind) what are disorders of monitoring others thoughts?

A

Persecution delusions

36
Q

(Schemas) hemsley suggested in people with schizophrenia their is a breakdown between what info?

A

Info already held in our memories - schemas and new sensory information

37
Q

(Schemas) e.g at a meal at a restaurant we know what from our past experiences?

A

What to expect

38
Q

(Schemas) processing normally takes place quickly without what?

A

Conscious awareness

39
Q

(Schemas) Hemsley said in schizophrenia what are not activated?

A

Our schemas

40
Q

(Schemas) as schemas aren’t activated people experience sensory overload and do not know what?

A

What to pay attention to and what to ignore

41
Q

(Schemas) this can lead to poor what?

A

Concentration

42
Q

(Schemas) superficial incidents such as a conversation at the next table may be seen as what?

A

Highly significant and personally relevant

Possibly explaining delusions

A Level Psychology (131 decks)

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