3.3.5 Beta Blockers Evaluation (modifying Stress)

Question 1

(Benefits on performance) beta blockers are effective in reducing performance anxiety in who?

Answer 1

Musicians

Question 2

(Benefits on performance) Nefter gave the beta blocker atenolol or a placebo to who?

Answer 2

String players

6 and a half hours before preforming

Question 3

(Benefits on performance)participants in the atenolol group had lower what?

Answer 3

Heart rates and were able to play more complex parts of music more accurately

Question 4

(Benefits on performance) Nefter - participants also had less self reported what?

Answer 4

Stage fright

Question 5

(Benefits on self reported stress)

Schweizer compared the effects of what?

Answer 5

Different beta blockers to a placebo on student stress levels when taking a maths test

Question 6

(Benefits on self reported stress) Schweizer all beta blockers did what?

Answer 6

Reduced heart rate

Question 7

(Benefits on self reported stress) Schweizer - what were there differences in between the groups?

Answer 7

Self reported levels of stress

Question 8

(Benefits) Schwabe - one of the negative effects of stress is people fall into what?

Answer 8

Habits like addiction

Question 9

(Benefits) schwabe - in a lab task involving food rewards there was which 3 groups?

Answer 9

No Stress
Stressed and beta blocker
Stressed and placebo

Question 10

(Benefits) Schwabe - the stress group given a placebo continued with there what?

Answer 10

Bad habits

Question 11

(Benefits)Schwabe - the stress group given beta blockers were just as what? Suggesting what?

Answer 11

Goal directed as those given no stress

Beta blocker prevented stress induced bias toward habit behaviour

Question 12

(Long term effectiveness) beta blockers do not address what side of stress?

Answer 12

Emotional and psychological side

Question 13

(Long term effectiveness) if an individual is stressed due to a type A personality the drug won’t do what?

Answer 13

Address these issues the root cause

Question 14

(Long term effectiveness) what may be more effective for those with Type A personalities?

Answer 14

Other therapies giving long term coping strategies

Question 15

(Long term effectiveness) beta blockers may only be useful for what scenarios?

Answer 15

Performance enhancement not chronic stressors

Question 16

(Ethics) side effects - are beta blockers side effects serious and long lasting?

Answer 16

No they are mild and temporary

Question 17

(Ethics) side effects - give examples of beta blockers side effects:

Answer 17

Dizziness
Diarrhoea
Blurred vision
Nausea
Cold hands and feet

Question 18

(Ethics) side effects - can cause issues with what in asthmatics?

Answer 18

Breathing

Question 19

(Ethics) side effects - suddenly stopping taking beta blockers can do what?

Answer 19

Cause heart palpitations and increasing blood pressure

Question 20

(Ethics) side effects - an individual may also become psychologically what?

Answer 20

Dependent

Question 21

(Ethics) performance enhancement - what are beta blockers in most sports?

Answer 21

Banned suggesting they aren’t ethical

Question 22

(Ethics) performance enhancement - why might beta blockers provide an unfair advantage in sport?

Answer 22

Part of high level performance is the ability to perform under pressure

Question 23

(Ethics) performance enhancement - beta blockers don’t enhance performance in the same way as what?

Answer 23

Steroids

Question 24

(Ethics) performance enhancement - some see beta blockers as ethically acceptable as they do what?

Answer 24

Stop anxiety interfering

Question 25

(Social) off label - as beta blockers aren’t licensed to treat anxiety there is limited what?

Answer 25

Long term research into effectiveness

Question 26

(Social) off label - Lin reported off label beta blocker use was what percent of beta blocker prescriptions?

Answer 26

52%

Question 27

(Social) off label - Wittich said there may be potential issues of lawsuits against who and why?

Answer 27

Doctors and drug companies should there be adverse effects

Question 28

(Social) off label - if off label use is not explained to the patient what is there an issue of?

Answer 28

Valid consent

Question 29

(Social) over prescription - how much did propranolol prescriptions rise by between 2012-13?

Answer 29

7%

Question 30

(Social) over prescription - some medical professionals are concerned beta blockers are being overprescribed for what?

Answer 30

Anxiety

Question 31

(Social) over prescription - why have they been over prescribed?

Answer 31

Treatments are limited and therapies are expensive