M13 Essays Flashcards
the factors affecting longevity
country that you live in
gender
ethnicity
lifestyle
country lived in
monaco, japan number 1
south africa or chad worst
United States 50th
Gender
women live longer
additional X chromosome means more resistance to disease
lifestyle (5 factors Okanawa)
diet, low-stress lifestyle, caring community, activity and spirituality
leading causes of death in the United States
respiratory cancer motor vehicle accidents cirrhosis of liver emphysema coronary heart disease
increase QoL in old folk
geriatric nurses
development of community based and in home care
Failing nursing homes
1/3 fail due to federally mandated standards for physicians, pharmacists, and care techs
Rodin and Langer
successful health and survival factor for nursing homes are patient’s feelings of control and self-determination
those who had more day to day choices and responsibility were happier and healthier, greater improvement in health
5 theories of biological aging
evolutionary theory cellular clock theory free-radical theory mitochondrial theory hormonal stress theory
Evolutionary theory
natural selection hasn’t eliminated many harmful conditions and non-adaptive characteristics in older adults because natural selection is linked to reproductive fitness that is not present in the elderly
cellular clock theory
cells have a limited number of divisions
only 75-80 times before dying.
telomeres on our chromosomes
after each cell division, the telomeres shorten, so after 75 or so divisions they may be too short to continually reproduce.
free radical theory
metabolic theory that states the unstable free radical by products of the metabolic cycle damage DNA, and other cell components that may contribute to or cause diseases such as cancer or arthritis
free radicals can be decreased by exercise and increased by overeating
Mitochondrial theory
decay of the mitochondria due to oxidative damage and loss of micronutrients may cause agin
As the mitochondria perform their duty in the cell, the produce harmful free radicals that damage the mitochondria so overtime, it cannot produce the required energy
the hormonal stress theory
body’s hormonal system lowers stress resistance therefore increasing likelihood of disease
As we age, these hormone levels remain higher longer, which can contribute to diseases such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension
focus on aging at the cellular level
cell clock theory
free radical theory
mitochondrial theory
