M14 Essays Flashcards
Cognitive mechanics
hardware of the brain
neurophysiological parts of the brain developed through evolution and consist of speed and accuracy in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, discrimination, comparison, and categorization.
These processes are processing speed, working memory capacity, and inhibition
Cognitive mechanics are influenced by
biology, heredity, and health
decline with age
Cognitive pragmatics
“culture based software components” of the brain and
included reading and writing, language comprehension, educational qualifications, professional skills, and coping or life knowledge.
Cognitive pragmatics are influenced by
everyday occurrences
not likely to decline with age; in fact, it is possible that they improve with age
Episodic memory
retention of information about where and when life’s happenings occurred.
younger adults have a better episodic memory than older adults
to improve can learn new activities or sustain engagement in other cognitively demanding activities
Semantic memory
knowledge about the world.
skills that are associated with field of expertise, academic and geometry knowledge, and everyday knowledge regarding vocabulary, famous people, common things, and important places
decrease speed of recall but not in memory
tip of the tongue syndrome
when old people can’t recall familiar information that they feel they should
semantic memory
Working memory
workbench of memory
allows us to manipulate and gather information to make decisions, solve problems, and comprehend language
declines during adulthood, and that our ability to multitask this type of memory with other cognitive function also declines
Explicit memory
memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state
declines with age.
Implicit memory
memory that can be done without conscious
does not decline with age
Source memory
ability to remember where you learned something
declines with age
can be improved by self re-enforced encoding
Prospective memory
involves remembering to do something in the future, such as taking medicine
declines with age
different for time based events v. event based
use it or lose it
belief that not using parts of the brain can lead to atrophy of skills
are read books, complete crossword puzzles or attend concerts, which studies show help improve and maintain memory as well as other cognitive skills
Types of memory (7)
Prospective memory
Source memory
Implicit memory
Explicit memory
Working memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Wisdom
expert knowledge about practical aspects of life that permit excellent judgment about important matters
