Liver structure, function, cirrhosis Flashcards
1
Q
Liver functions:
A
- protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolism
- plasma protein and enzyme synthesis
- production of bile
- detoxification
- storage of proteins, glycogen, vitamins, minerals
2
Q
Structure
A
–arranged as portal tracts and parenchyma
3
Q
Vasculature
A
- portal vein brings in 2/3 blood from gut - deoxygenated , food
- hepatic artery coming in 1/3
- bile duct - leaving
4
Q
Hepatocytes:
A
-lie in plates and cords
-exchange material with blood at sinusoidal surface
-3 types of surface:
sinusoidal, intercellular & canalicular
5
Q
Liver cells
A
- hepatocytes
- endothelial cells
- Kupffer cells (macrophages)
- perisinusoidal cells (fat storing)
- liver-associated lymphocytes
6
Q
Liver connective tissue
A
- Glisson’s capsule
- portal tracts (Van Gieson stain)
- parenchymal reticulum
7
Q
Biliary system
A
- bile canaliculi
- (bile ductules)
- bile ducts
8
Q
Portal tract
A
PASdiastase (PASD)
9
Q
Cirrhosis
A
-Diffuse process with fibrosis and nodule formation
=end stage liver disease
-result of chronic inflammation over many years
-fibrous scarring and hepatocyte regeneration
-irreversible
10
Q
Causes of Cirrhosis
A
-aquired and inherited
-
11
Q
Fatty change due to alcohol
A
- steatosis
- identify on slide
12
Q
Steatohepatitis
A
=fatty change + inflammation
13
Q
Complications of cirrhosis
A
- portal hypertension (portal-systemic shunts and varices, ascites, splenomegaly)
- liver failure
- hepatocellular (liver) cancer
14
Q
Impaired production of secretory proteins
A
- Albumin
- transport proteins
- coagulation and fibrinolysis proteins
- complement
- protease inhibitors
15
Q
Other effects of liver failure:
A
- jaundice
- coagulation disorders
- altered intermediary and xenobiotic metabolism
- immune, circulatory and endocrine disturbances
