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Personality Theory > Chapter 2: Dispositional Perspective (Traits) > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Dispositional Perspective (Traits) Flashcards

1
Q

Disposition

A
  • consistent qualities of personality that remain the same, regardless of time, place or situation (uniqueness of each person)
  • dispositional patterns: constitutes personality
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2
Q

Traditional Typologies

A
  • type theories
  • divide people into categories or types (introvert, extrovert)
  • are distinct and discontinuous
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3
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A
  • Extroversion-Introversion
  • Sensing-Intuition
  • Thinking-Feeling
  • Judgement-Perception
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4
Q

Traits

A
  • continuous variables or dimensions
  • traits are the same across individuals
  • people differ with regard to how strong that trait is (where they fall on the continuum)
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5
Q

Goals of Trait Theorists

A
  • identify the traits necessary to explain important human behaviors
  • measure traits accurately
  • identify causes of trait development
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6
Q

Theoretical Assumptions

A
  1. dispositions/traits are relatively stable
  2. influence behavior in most situations
  3. difference between individuals arise because of differences in strengths of traits
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7
Q

Identifying the Important Traits

A
  • lexical/empirical approach
  • theoretical approach
  • statistical approach
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8
Q

Raymond Cattell

A
  • personality: permits prediction of a person’s behavior in a given situation
  • true units of personality should show up across different types of data
  • factor analysis is the key to developing an objective of personality
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9
Q

Eysenck’s Three-Factor Theory (PEN)

A
  1. Introversion-Extroversion
  2. Neuroticism (Stable-Unstable)
  3. Psychoticism (vs. socialization)
    - biological underpinning to all 3 traits
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10
Q

Extroversion-Introversion (E)

A
  • E is the super-trait
  • sociable
  • lively
  • active
  • assertive
  • sensation seeking
  • carefree
  • dominant
  • surgent
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11
Q

Neuroticism (N)

A
  • N is the super-trait
  • anxious
  • depressed
  • guilt feelings
  • low sensation seeking
  • tense
  • irrational
  • shy
  • moody
  • emotional
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12
Q

Psychoticism (P)

A
  • P is the super-trait
  • aggressive
  • cold
  • egocentric
  • impersonal
  • impulsive
  • antisocial
  • unemphatic
  • creative
  • tough-minded
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13
Q

Introverted - Neuroticism

A
  • moody
  • anxious
  • sober
  • pessimistic
  • reserved
  • unsociable
  • quiet
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14
Q

Introverted - Stable (Ego Control)

A
  • passive
  • careful
  • thoughtful
  • peaceful
  • reliable
  • calm
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15
Q

Stable - Extroverted

A
  • leadership
  • outgoing
  • responsive
  • easygoing
  • carefree
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16
Q

Extroverted - Neuroticism (Psychoticism)

A
  • touchy
  • restless
  • aggressive
  • excitable
  • impulsive
  • optimistic
  • active
17
Q

The Five Factor Model

A

all identified traits narrowed down to 5 major factors or personality traits, present in all individuals to varying degrees of strength

18
Q

The Big Five

A
  1. openness to experience
  2. conscientiousness
  3. extroversion
  4. agreeableness
  5. neuroticism
19
Q

Big Five: conscientiousness

A
  • competence
  • warmth
  • dutifulness
  • achievement striving
  • self-discipline
20
Q

Big Five: Extroversion

A
  • warmth
  • assertiveness
  • activity
  • excitement seeking
  • positive emotions
21
Q

Big Five: Agreeableness

A
  • trust
  • straightforwardness
  • modesty
  • tender-mindedness
22
Q

Big Five: Neuroticism

A
  • anxiety
  • angry hostility
  • depression
  • impulsiveness
  • vulnerability
23
Q

Big Five: Openness to Experience

A
  • fantasy
  • feelings
  • actions
  • ideas
  • values
24
Q

Traits and Behavior: Is there really a relationship?

A
  • statistically, traits are accountable for 10-40% of the variance in behavior
  • situationism: environment determine behavior more than traits
25
Q

Conflict between traits and situationism

A
  1. measurement errors: behaviors are only measured once
    - reduce errors by measuring behavior over time
  2. interactionism: traits and environment interact to influence behavior
26
Q

Assessment of Personality using the Trait Approach

A

Personality Profiles

  • measure where the individual falls on the continuum
  • NEO-PI: based on 5 factor model
  • MMPI: 10 scales, high or low

Personality Theory (16 decks)

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