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A level Biology xoyzq > Diseases > Flashcards

Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

communicable disease

A

disease which can be passed from one organism to another

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2
Q

pathogen

A

disease causing

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3
Q

4 types of pathogen

A

bacteria, fungi, virus, protoctist

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4
Q

What are the two ways of classifying bacteria?

A
  1. Gram staining. Under LM either gram positive (purple-blue) or gram negative (red)
  2. by shape (ie. spherical, rod-shaped, spiral, comma etc.)
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5
Q

What is the general reproductive cycle of a virus?

A
  1. invade living cells
  2. genetic material of virus takes over host cell
  3. virus reproduces and makes more viruses
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6
Q

How can viruses damage their host tissues?

A

take over cell metabolism and insert viral DNA into host DNA, using the host cell to make new viruses. These burst out of the cell, destroy it, and infect other cells

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7
Q

What 4 plant diseases do I need to know about?

A

Ring rot
Black Sigatoka
Potato Blight
Tobacco mosaic virus

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8
Q

What type of pathogen causes Ring rot?

A

Bacteria

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9
Q

What type of pathogen causes Black Sigatoka?

A

Fungi

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10
Q

What type of pathogen causes Potato Blight?

A

Protoctist (fungus like)

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11
Q

What type of pathogen causes Tobacco mosaic virus?

A

Virus

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12
Q

What is the host species of Ring rot?

A

potato
tomato
aubergine

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13
Q

What is the host species of Black Sigatoka?

A

banana

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14
Q

What is the host species of Potato Blight?

A

potato

tomato

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15
Q

What is the host species of Tobacco mosaic virus?

A 
tobacco plants
tomato
pepper
cucumber
etc.
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16
Q

What are the 7 animal diseases I have to know?

A 
Tuberculosis
Bacterial meningitis
AIDS
Influenza
Malaria
Ring worm
Athlete’s foot
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17
Q

What type of pathogen causes Tuberculosis?

A

Bacteria

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18
Q

What type of pathogen causes Bacterial meningitis?

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

What type of pathogen causes AIDS?

A

Virus (HIV)

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20
Q

What type of pathogen causes Influenza?

A

Virus

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21
Q

What type of pathogen causes Malaria?

A

Protoctist

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22
Q

What type of pathogen causes Ring worm?

A

Fungi

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23
Q

What type of pathogen causes Athlete’s foot?

A

Fungi

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24
Q

What is the host species of Tuberculosis?

A 
human
cow
pig
badger
deer
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25
Q

What is the host species of Bacterial meningitis?

A

humans (brain of very young children and teenagers)

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26
Q

What is the host species of AIDS?

A

humans

non-human primates

27
Q

What is the host species of Influenza?

A

humans (young children

old people)

28
Q

What is the host species of Malaria?

A

human

mosquito

29
Q

What is the host species of Ring worm?

A

human
cattle
dogs
cats

30
Q

What is the host species of Athlete’s foot?

A

human

31
Q

Vector

A

carries pathogen from one organism to another (eg. insects or water)

32
Q

Direct transmission vs indirect transmission

A

direct is where pathogen is transferred by:

  • direct contact
  • inoculation
  • ingestion

indirect is where pathogen is transferred by:

  • fomites
  • droplet infection (inhalation)
  • vectors
33
Q

examples of direct transmission of disease (direct contact, inoculation, ingestion)

A

direct contact:

  • kissing/ contact of bodily fluids (bacterial meningitis)
  • direct skin-to-skin contact (ringworm, athlete’s foot)
  • microorganisms from faeces transmitted on hands (diarrhoeal diseases)

inoculation:

  • break in the skin - eg. during sex (HIV/AIDS)
  • animal bite (rabies)
  • puncture wound/sharing needles)

ingestion:
- eating contaminated food or touching mouth with dirty hands (amoebic dysentery, diarrhoeal diseases)

34
Q

examples of indirect transmission of disease (fomites, droplet infection, vectors)

A

fomites:
- inanimate objects like bedding, cosmetics etc. (athlete’s foot, gas gangrene)

droplet infection:
- minute droplets of saliva and mucus are expelled from mouth as you talk, cough or sneeze (influenza, TB)

vectors:

  • mosquitos (malaria)
  • rat fleas (bubonic plague)
  • water (diarrhoeal diseases, cholera)
35
Q

What is the transmission method for Ring Rot?

A

.

36
Q

What is the transmission method for Black Sigatoka?

A

.

37
Q

What is the transmission method for Potato Blight?

A

.

38
Q

What is the transmission method for Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

A

.

39
Q

What is the transmission method for Malaria?

A

indirect transmission by vector (mosquitos)

40
Q

What is the transmission method for Ring worm?

A

direct transmission by skin-to-skin contact

41
Q

What is the transmission method for AIDS?

A

direct transmission by inoculation. Break in skin.

42
Q

What is the transmission method for Tuberculosis?

A

indirect transmittion by droplet infection (inhalation). Droplets containing pathogens are breathed in by individuals

43
Q

What is the transmission method for Athlete’s foot?

A

.

44
Q

What is the transmission method for Bacterial meningitis?

A

.

45
Q

What is the transmission method for Influenza?

A

.

46
Q

Describe and explain 7 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in animals

A

.

47
Q

Describe and explain 6 factors that affect the transmission of communicable diseases in plants

A

.

48
Q

State 3 examples of barriers to pathogens in plants

A

.

49
Q

Describe the major difference between plants’ response to pathogens as compared to animals’ response to pathogens, and explain why this is a possible successful strategy for plants.

A

.

50
Q

Describe 2 ways in which a plant cell can detect the presence of a pathogen

A

.

51
Q

Name two molecules produced by plants to limit the spread of the pathogen

A

.

52
Q

Describe the structure of callose

A

.

53
Q

Describe 4 ways callose is used to limit the spread of a pathogen

A

.

54
Q

List 6 different types of plant chemical defences, and for each describe their role and give examples

A

.

55
Q

are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

prokaryotic

56
Q

how is gram staining in bacteria useful?

A

the type of cell wall bacteria has affects how it interact with different antibiotics

57
Q

diameter of virus

A

0.02-0.3um

58
Q

how do viruses store their genetic information?

A

nucleic acid strand surrounded by protein

59
Q

bacteriophages

A

viruses that attack bacteria

60
Q

parasites

A

use people/animals as host organisms.

all viruses and pathogenic protoctista

61
Q

are protoctists prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

62
Q

are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

63
Q

since fungi cannot photosynthesise, how do they get their food & nutrients?

A

secrete extracellular enzymes which digest food. Then the fungi absorb the nutrients

64
Q

which type of fungi cause communicable diseases?

A

parasitic fungi (which feed on living plants and animals)

A level Biology xoyzq (33 decks)

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