Ch 10

Question 1

The combination of forces that move individuals to take certain actions and avoid other actions

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

An employee’s rational and emotional commitment to his or her work

Answer 2

Engagement

Question 3

A management approach designed to improve employees’ efficiency by scientifically studying their work

Answer 3

Scientific Management

Question 4

A supposed effect of organizational research, in which employees change their behavior because they are being studied and given special treatment

Answer 4

Hawthorne Effect

Question 5

A model in which human needs are arranged in a hierarchy, with the most basic needs at the bottom and the more advanced needs toward the top

Answer 5

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Question 6

A managerial assumption that employees are irresponsible, are unambitious, and dislike work and that managers must use force, control, or threats to motivate them

Answer 6

Theory X

Question 7

A managerial assumption that employees enjoy meaningful work, are naturally committed to certain goals, are capable of creativity, and seek out responsibility under the right conditions

Answer 7

Theory Y

Question 8

A model that divides motivational forces into satisfiers (“motivators”) and dissatisfiers (“hygiene factors”)

Answer 8

Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory

Question 9

David McClelland’s model of motivation that highlights the needs for power, affiliation, and achievement

Answer 9

Three Needs Theory

Question 10

The idea that the effort employees put into their work depends on expectations about their own ability to perform, expectations about likely rewards, and the attractiveness of those rewards

Answer 10

Expectancy Theory

Question 11

The idea that employees base their level of satisfaction on the ratio of their inputs to the job to the outputs or rewards they receive from it

Answer 11

Equity Theory

Question 12

A motivational theory suggesting that setting goals can be an effective way to motivate employees

Answer 12

Goal Setting Theory

Question 13

A motivational approach in which managers and employees work together to structure personal goals and objectives for every individual, department, and project to mesh with the organization’s goals

Answer 13

Management By Objectives (MBO)

Question 14

A model suggesting that five core job dimensions influence three critical psychological states that determine motivation, performance, and other outcomes

Answer 14

Job Characteristics Model

Question 15

Making jobs more challenging and interesting by expanding the range of skills required

Answer 15

Job Enrichment

Question 16

Training workers to perform multiple jobs and rotating them through these various jobs to combat boredom or burnout

Answer 16

Cross Training

Question 17

A motivational approach based on the idea that managers can motivate employees by influencing their behaviors with positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 17

Reinforcement Theory

Question 18

Encouraging desired behaviors by offering pleasant consequences for completing or repeating those behaviors

Answer 18

Positive Reinforcement

Question 19

Monetary payments and other rewards of value used for positive reinforcement

Answer 19

Incentives

Question 20

Encouraging the repetition of a particular behavior (desirable or not) by removing unpleasant consequences for the behavior

Answer 20

Negative Reinforcement

Question 21

Applying game principles such as scorekeeping to various business processes

Answer 21

Gamification

Question 22

Overseeing every small detail of employees’ work and refusing to give them freedom or autonomy

Answer 22

Micro Managing