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Gobbets Finals > Black Churches During the Jim Crow Era > Flashcards

Black Churches During the Jim Crow Era Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote “Effects of Urbanization”?

A

Lacy KirkWilliams

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2
Q

Who was Lacy KirkWilliams?

A

A progressive clergyman of Olivet Baptist Church

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3
Q

What was “Effects of Urbanization”?

A

Essay published in The Chicago Sunday Tribune

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4
Q

Who became President of the National Baptist Convention Inc. in 1922?

A

Lacy KirkWilliams

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5
Q

According to “Effects of Urbanization”, why did AA move to the cities?

A
  • Desire for better environments & living conditions
  • Want justice & better police protection
  • Educational advantages
  • Wider industrial opportunities
  • Better wages
  • Better religious opportunities
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6
Q

According to “Effects of Urbanization”, how much did both the Chicago negro population and Chicago negro church membership increase 1916-20?

A
  • Chicago negro population: 145.5%

- Chicago negro church membership: 40%

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7
Q

According to “Effects of Urbanization”, what is there too much of and too little of in the church?

A
  • Neglect of proper church duty

- Too much focus on heaven

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8
Q

In “Effects of Urbanization”, what 2 remedies are needed for the church problem?

A
  1. Must focus more on the religious psychology of the newcomers
  2. Need a more comprehensive program (education etc.)
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9
Q

Who gave the “Address on the Great Migration”?

A

African Methodist Episcopal Council of Bishops

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10
Q

In 1917, where did the AME Council of Bishops meet?

A

Wilberforce University, Xenia, Ohio

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11
Q

According to “Address on the Great Migration”, what time had come?

A

The Day of Reckoning

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12
Q

In “Address on the Great Migration”, what did the rural churches need to do?

A

Need to find the cause of the unrest, and so the remedy

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13
Q

In “Address on the Great Migration”, what did urban churches need to do?

A
  1. Give friendship to those who arrive

2. Help migrants avoid the “haunts of vice”

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14
Q

Who wrote “Things of the Spirit”?

A

Carter Woodson

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15
Q

Who was Carter Woodson?

A

Founder of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in 1915

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16
Q

According to “Things of the Spirit”, what is the only institution that the race controls?

A

The Negro Church

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17
Q

In “Things of the Spirit”, what are 2 problems of Negro preachers?

A
  1. Ill-educated

2. Don’t pay their debts

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18
Q

According to “Things of the Spirit”, what is one of the key differences between the rural and urban churches?

A

Urban church engaged in social action, the rural church focused on the spiritual

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19
Q

In “Things of the Spirit”, why do revivals have to happen every summer?

A

“Hell-scared” people do not keep their religion

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20
Q

Who wrote “The Churches of Bronzeville”?

A

St. Clair Drake & Horace R. Cayton

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21
Q

What was “The Churches of Bronzeville”?

A
  1. Initially a social survey of Chicago’s south side, financed by the Works Progress Administration, looking at juvenile delinquency
  2. Re-written as part of R.R. Wright’s “The definitive study of Negro urbanization”
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22
Q

What other major study does “The Churches of Bronzville” corroborate?

A

Gunnar Myrdal’s “An American Dilemma”

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23
Q

According to “The Churches of Bronzville”, what does Bronzeville expect of its churches?

A

For them to “advance the race”

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24
Q

In “The Churches of Bronzeville”, why do the churches have large amounts of debt?

A

They purchased the white churches/synagogues in the Black Belt as the white population moved out

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25
Q

In “The Churches of Bronzeville”, what % of churches are “store front”?

A

75%

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26
Q

In “The Churches of Bronzeville”, what is the church NOT?

A

The centre of community life, though it is important

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27
Q

In “The Churches of Bronzeville”, what 3 reasons are given as to why the church still flourishes?

A
  1. Collective ceremonies give rhythm
  2. Little theology
  3. People “feel at home”
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28
Q

Who wrote “My Life and Work”?

A

Alexander Walters

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29
Q

In “My Life and Work”, who sold out the AA in 1876?

A

The Republican Party

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30
Q

In “My Life and Work”, what council is Alexander Walters made President of?

A

National Afro-American Council

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31
Q

According to “My Life and Work”, what were the objects of the National Afro-American Council?

A
  • Lynchings
  • The Convict Lease System
  • The Separate Car Law
  • Labour Commission
  • AA representation at the Paris Exposition
  • Cuban immigration
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32
Q

In “My Life and Work”, what will Christianity save?

A

The black race (need to follow the lord and not back down)

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33
Q

In “My Life and Work”, what does Alexander Walters compare to the sun?

A

Education: you cannot have too much sun

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34
Q

Who wrote “The Defects of the Negro Church”?

A

Orishatukeh Faduma

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35
Q

What was “The Defects of the Negro Church”?

A

An essay published in the American Negro Academy Occasional Papers

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36
Q

Who was Orishatukeh Faduma?

A
  • Slave rescued by the British Navy
  • Graduated from University of London & Yale Divinity School
  • 1902: Naturalised US citizen
  • AME Minister & missionary
  • Only African to address the American Negro Academy
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37
Q

In “The Defects of the Negro Church”, what are the 4 defects?

A
  1. Tendency to lay stress on outwardness rather than inwardness
  2. Neglect of rural communities
  3. The Negro Ministry
  4. Emotionalism of the laity
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38
Q

Who wrote “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”?

A

Howard Thurman

39
Q

Who was Howard Thurman?

A

AA author, philosopher, theologian, educator, and civil rights leader (influenced MLK)

40
Q

What did Howard Thurman co-found in 1944?

A

The first interracial, interdenominational church in the USA

41
Q

According to “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, what are spirituals a source of rich testimony for?

A

Views of life and death

42
Q

In “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, what 3 sources do spirituals get their material from?

A
  1. The World of Nature
  2. Th stuff of experience
  3. The Bible
43
Q

In “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, what was constant threat?

A

Imminent death

44
Q

In “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, the origin of what is never discussed?

A

Individual life- taken as a given

45
Q

According to “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, who is not mentioned?

A

Slaveowner: could only expect evil of him

46
Q

In “The Negro Spiritual Speaks of Life and Death”, what is a literal place?

A

Heaven

47
Q

Who wrote “The Negro’s Church” (1933)

A

Benjamin Mays & Joseph Nicholson

48
Q

Who was Benjamin Mays?

A

Baptist Minister, President of Morehouse College, advisor to Kennedy, Truman, Johnson and Carter, and mentor to MLK

49
Q

What was “The Negro’s Church” (1933)

A

Sociological study of the black church in the 1930s

50
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what was the early Negro Church to the slave?

A

The only organised field to release suppressed emotions and develop leadership

51
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what kind of black preachers did whites help?

A

Those who preached about heaven, who told Negroes to be honest and obedient, and that by and by God would straighten things out

52
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what are younger men in the priesthood better at?

A

Better collegiate and theological training

53
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what % or urban churches are in debt?

A

70%

54
Q

In “The Negro’s Church”, what are the 5 epochs?

A
  1. Slavery Epoch 1750-1859
  2. Civil War Epoch 1860-1865
  3. Post-Civil War Epoch 1866-1899
  4. New Century Epoch 1900-1914
  5. Migration Epoch 1915-1930
55
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what is there a poor emphasis on in the Negro Ministry?

A

Academic training: idea of being “called” to god

56
Q

According to “The Negro’s Church”, what is challenging the ministerial leadership?

A

Leaders in other fields

57
Q

In “The Negro’s Church”, what are the 3 kinds of sermon?

A
  1. Those that touch life situations
  2. Sermons that are doctrinal/ theological
  3. Those that are predominantly other-worldly
58
Q

Who wrote “The Power of the Negro Church”?

A

James Weldon Johnson

59
Q

Who was the first AA executive secretary of the NAACP?

A

James Weldon Johnson

60
Q

According to “The Power of the Negro Church”, why is the black church relatively more powerful than the white church?

A

White people can be reached through other mediums

61
Q

According to “The Power of the Negro Church”, what should the black church be made into?

A

An instrument for bettering the conditions of the race

62
Q

Who wrote “After Freedom”?

A

Hortense Powdermaker

63
Q

What is “After Freedom”?

A

An anthropological study of the interracial community of Indianola, Mississippi

64
Q

Who was Hortense Powdermaker?

A

An anthropologist

65
Q

In “After Freedom”, what generally conforms to a set pattern?

A

“Getting religion” at revivals (stereotyped phrases)

66
Q

In “After Freedom”, what is increasingly rare amongst the young?

A

Experience of getting religion

67
Q

According to “After Freedom”, what influence is on the preacher?

A

Attitude towards his own people still highly influenced by white masters

68
Q

In “After Freedom”, what group are prominent at revivals and in the churches?

A

Women

69
Q

Who wrote “An American Dilemma”?

A

Gunnar Myrdal

70
Q

What was “An American Dilemma”?

A

A study of race relations funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York

71
Q

Who was Gunnar Myrdal?

A

Swedish Nobel-Laureate economist

72
Q

What was the view of “An American Dilemma”?

A

Eventually democracy would triumph over racism

73
Q

According to “An American Dilemma”, what was the vicious cycle of racism?

A

Whites oppressed Negroes, and then pointed to Negroes’ poor performance as reason for the oppression

74
Q

According to “An American Dilemma”, what was the solution for the American race problem?

A

Cure whites of their prejudice or improve the circumstances of Negroes

75
Q

In “An American Dilemma”, what 3 organisations should be brought together for concerted action?

A

The Negro school, church, and press

76
Q

According to “An American Dilemma”, what is the Negro church like?

A

Lower class white Protestant Church with emotionalism

77
Q

In “An American Dilemma”, why does the Negro church have social functions?

A

To “sell” itself to the public

78
Q

According to “An American Dilemma”, what it both a weakness and a strength of the Negro church?

A

Its segregation

79
Q

In “An American Dilemma”, what are 4 weaknesses of the Negro Church?

A
  1. Passivity in the field of power/race relations
  2. Frequent schisms
  3. Poverty: dependent on white benefactors
  4. Ministers coming from a “call” rather than eduction: retain emotionalism
80
Q

Who wrote “Black Pastures”?

A

William Lloyd Imes

81
Q

Who was William Lloyd Imes?

A
  • Pastor of the presbyterian St. James’ Church in Harlem

- 1942 elected to the board of Union Theological Seminary

82
Q

In “Black Pastures”, who was Benjamin Albert Imes?

A

William Lloyd Imes’ father

83
Q

In “Black Pastures”, who was the “Black Puritan”?

A

Francis James Grimke

84
Q

In “Black Pastures”, what did William Lloyd Imes describe Fisk University as?

A

“A Black Educational Pasture”

85
Q

According to “Black Pastures”, what monopoly can’t the black race claim?

A

A monopoly of the best part of religion

86
Q

What response to churches being too costly does Imes have in “Black Pastures”?

A

That no one criticises costly secular organizations

87
Q

According to “Black Pastures”, leadership like whose is needed in 1935?

A

Lincoln’s

88
Q

In “Black Pastures”, what does the modern world feel little need for?

A

The other-worldly point of view

89
Q

According to “Black Pastures”, what does the world need more of?

A

“Practical saints”

90
Q

In “Black Pastures”, why should preachers not “thrill”?

A

Have to keep to the simplicity that is in Christ

91
Q

In “Black Pastures”, what war is the real war?

A

The war against hatred, greed etc.

92
Q

According to “Black Pastures”, what has the Negro Church been in black history?

A

The one steady and dependable force

93
Q

What argument is given in “Black Pastures” against war?

A

Should we prove our superiority by our using of the same methods of oppression and evil that they use?

Gobbets Finals (12 decks)

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