5a - Extracellular Matrix, CT Membranes and Adipose Tissue

Question 1

What are the 2 extracelluar matrix components?

Answer 1

ground substance and protein fibers

Question 2

what are the three types of protein fibers?

Answer 2

collagens, reticular proteins, and elastin

Question 3

fibers that are flexible but resist stretching and bundled like ropes in parallel or crisscross directions are called ____

Answer 3

Collagen fibers

Question 4

fibers that recoil after being stretched, and are crosslinked are called ____

Answer 4

elastic fibers

Question 5

fibers that are assembled to form supporting frameworks within organs and used to organize cells and structural features are called ____

Answer 5

reticular fibers

Question 6

____ fibers recoil after being stretched

Answer 6

elastic

Question 7

Reticular fibers provide _____ _____

Answer 7

supporting framework

Question 8

how many types of collagens are there?

Answer 8

over 20

Question 9

Elastic connective tissue is rich in ____

Answer 9

elastin

Question 10

Special reticular proteins are secreted by ____

Answer 10

reticulocytes

Question 11

____ ____ provide membrane scaffolding through the plasma membrane

Answer 11

basement membrane

Question 12

the basement membrane is ___ and ____ cell layers

Answer 12

porous; anchors

Question 13

the serous membrane is made of these two things

Answer 13

dense regular CT and epithelia

Question 14

serous membrane surrounds which organs?

Answer 14

heart, lungs and digestive organs

Question 15

what is the pericardium

Answer 15

the serous membrane around the heart

Question 16

what is the serous membrane called that surrounds the lungs and lining of the chest wall?

Answer 16

pleura

Question 17

what is the serous membrane that surrounds digestive organs and abdominal cavity called?

Answer 17

peritoneum

Question 18

what is the epithelial layer of the serous membrane called? Where does it sit?

Answer 18

mesothelium; rests on the basement membrane

Question 19

what are the main functions of the serous membrane?

Answer 19

1. lubrication
2. anchoring organs in place
3. attachment
4. scaffolding for immune defense /protection

Question 20

Which side of the serous membrane is against the organ?

Answer 20

visceral side

Question 21

which side of the serous membrane is against the CT layer?

Answer 21

Parietal side

Question 22

how does fluid enter and drain in the serous membrane?

Answer 22

fluid enters via the mesothelial layer and drains via limphatics

Question 23

What are milky spots

Answer 23

clusters of white blood cells

Question 24

the visceral pericardium overlays the surface of the ___

Answer 24

heart

Question 25

the ____ pericardium is a thick, fibrous sac made of dense irregular CT

Answer 25

parietal

Question 26

between the heart and lung - the periocardial sac is made of ___ and \_\_\_

Answer 26

perietal paricardium and parietal pleura

Question 27

Parietal ____ faces the heart

Answer 27

pericardium

Question 28

Parietal ____ faces the lung

Answer 28

Pleura

Question 29

What keeps the heart from swinging and flopping around?

Answer 29

the pericardium is attached to the diaphragm

Question 30

What is the visceral pleura?

Answer 30

the outer surface of the lungs - a thin fluid layer

Question 31

What does the parietal pleura adhere to ( 3 places)?

Answer 31

1. diaphragm 2. wall of the thoracic cavity 3. outer surface of the parietal pericardium

Question 32

The parietal peritoneum lays against the walls of the ____ cavity

Answer 32

abdominal

Question 33

how many layers thick is the greater omentum? Where does it hang from?

Answer 33

4; the stomach

Question 34

What is the function of the greater omentum?

Answer 34

to patch up intestinal perforations due to abdominal injury

Question 35

What are meninges made of? How many layers?

Answer 35

Mostly made of CT; three layers

Question 36

what are the three layers of meninges?

Answer 36

pia mater, dura mater, arachnoid mater

Question 37

What is the important function of the meninges?

Answer 37

forms a fluid compartment in which the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) can be suspended

Question 38

What does the middle arachnoid mater retain?

Answer 38

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 39

Where are synovial membranes found?

Answer 39

in highly moveable joints

Question 40

what are highly moveable joints called?

Answer 40

synovial joints

Question 41

CT layers support capillaries that provide ___ \_\_\_ for nutrient/waste/gas exchange

Answer 41

synovial fluid

Question 42

articular cartilage is vascular or avascular?

Answer 42

avascular

Question 43

synoviocytes secrete ___ \_\_\_\_. Why is this important?

Answer 43

synovial fluid. provides lubrication for joints.

Question 44

What are the three types of adipose tissue?

Answer 44

brown, beige and white

Question 45

\_\_\_\_ adipocytes are best known in babies

Answer 45

brown

Question 46

\_\_\_\_ adipocytes are subcutaneous

Answer 46

beige

Question 47

\_\_\_\_ adipocytes are normally yellow, provide stem cells for bone repair, is thermogenic, and can provide padding while storing energy

Answer 47

white

Question 48

brown and beige adipocytes have many lipid droplets and lots of \_\_\_\_

Answer 48

mitochondria

Question 49

\_\_\_\_ adipocytes have a ___ lipid droplet with the nucleus and cytoplasm pushed to the side

Answer 49

white; single

Question 50

adipocytes are organized into \_\_\_\_

Answer 50

lobules

Question 51

what are the two main types of white adipose tissue in humans?

Answer 51

visceral (vWAT) subcutaneous (sWAT)

Question 52

estrogen promotes ____ adipose deposition

Answer 52

subcutaneous

Question 53

testosterone promotes ___ adipose deposition

Answer 53

visceral

Question 54

thermogenic adipose tissue uses ___ \_\_\_ 1 to dissipate mitochondrial proton gradients and release heat

Answer 54

uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)

Question 55

which of the three adipocytes can change in response to temperature?

Answer 55

brown and beige

Question 56

What type of CT is pictured?

Answer 56

Elastic CT

Question 57

Which type of CT is pictured?

Answer 57

reticular CT

Question 58

Special reticular proteins are secreted by \_\_\_\_

Answer 58

Reticulocytes