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PHOTOSYTHENSIS > 5A-process of photosythensis > Flashcards

5A-process of photosythensis Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

A

process of capturing light energy to power the production of glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

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2
Q

Photosythensis balanced eqaution

A

6C02+6H20—sunlight—-C6H1206+602

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3
Q

What is glucose

A

glucose is the primary production of photosynthesis and functions as a source of energy for aerobic celluar respiration as it is stored as starch or is used to form more complex molecules such as cellulose.

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4
Q

photoautotrophs and examples

A

organisms that are capable of undertaking photosynthesis

eg. algae and cynabacteria

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5
Q

Inputs and outputs of the light dependent stage

A

Inputs:
12H20
12NADP+
18ADP+Pi

Outputs:
6O2
12NADPH
18ATP

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6
Q

Process of the inputs and theoutputs of the light dependent stage of photosythensis

A

During the light-dependent stage in the thylakoid membranes, sunlight is absorbed, causing water to split into oxygen, protons(hydrogen), and electrons. Oxygen is released as a gas. The electrons reduce NADP+ to NADPH, while ATP is synthesized from ADP + Pi. ATP and NADPH travels to the stroma for the light indepdenet stage

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7
Q

ADP+Pi

A

inorganic phosphate that combine together to form ATP, which is used to speed up the conversion of C02 into glucose.

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8
Q

NADPH

A

Carries hydrogen ions in the Calvin cycle needed to make glucose

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9
Q

Photolysis

A

the process where molecules are broken down by the action of light into molecules such as hydrogen and oxygen

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10
Q

The light dependent stgaedefine

A

the first stage of photosytehnsis where light energy splits water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen insideof the thykloid membrnaes

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11
Q

The light independent stage

A

2nd stage of photosytehnss that does not require sunlight and Occur in the stroma of chloroplasts. Carbon dioxide is fixed and reduced to form organic molecules, such as glucose, using the ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions.

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12
Q

Inputs and outputs of the light independent stage

A

inputs:
6C02
12NADPH
18ATP

Outputs:
C6H1206
12NADP+
18(ADP+Pi)

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13
Q

the process of the inputs and the outputs of the light independent stage

A

In the light-independent stage (Calvin Cycle), carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere enters the stroma of chloroplasts.Then, C02 gets converted into glucose and other organic molecules using energy from ATP and reducing power from NADPH produced in the light depdenet stage. The output includes glucose, while ADP + Pi and NADP+ are recycled for further use in the light-dependent reactions

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14
Q

what is the function of NADPH and ATP in the light independent stage

A

are then used in the light-independent stage (Calvin cycle) in the stroma to fix carbon dioxide into glucose and other organic molecules.” i

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15
Q

why does the light independent stage not require light

A

The light independent stage does not require light because it is catalysed by enzymes and coenzymes NADPH and ATP from the light dependent stage

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16
Q

NADP+

A

acts as an electron carrier, therfore facilcating the reduction of CO2 into glucoseand it bind with H+ to form NADPH

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17
Q

why does the light indepdnet stage occur in the stroma whilst the light dependent stage occurs in the thykloid memrbanes

A

the light dependnet stage occurs in the thyloid memrbanes because the thykloid memrbanesn absorb sunlight which contains chlorophyll, which is required to absorb sunlight essiental for the light dependent stage to occur, whereas the the light indepndent stage does not require sunlight so it occurs in the stroma where chlorophlyll does not exist and no sunlight is captured

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18
Q

4 factors that affecting the rate of photosythensis

A

1.low/high temp
2.PH levls above or below optium
3.Low water levels
4.Low C02 levels

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19
Q

Mesophyll cells

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A

main cells in leaves that photosythensis and is where large amount of chloroplast is found

20
Q

chloroplast

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A

membrane bound organelles where both the light dependent and independent stage of photosynthesis occurs and is produces chlorophyll

21
Q

Chlorophyll

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A

the green pigment within the chloroplast that absorbs and captures sunlight/light energy for photosynthesis to occur, therefore is responsible for initiating photosynthesis

22
Q

Xylem

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A

the vascular tissue in plants that are responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

23
Q

Stomata

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A

The pores on the surface of the leaves that regulate gas exchange by opening and closing its pores

24
Q

Grana

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A

the stacked thykloids where the light dependent stage occurs inside of the mesophyll cells

25
thykloid membranes
is the flattened sacs where the light dependent stage occurs and makes upthe grana
26
Stroma
a gel like matrix which is rich in enzymes where the light indepednet stage occurs inside of the mesophyll cells
27
Where does H+, NADP+, NADPH, ADP+Pi and ATPcome from,
the source of H+ is water because its produced when sunlight is absorbed in the thykloid memrbanes which causes water to split into 02 and H+ moleucles NADPH comes frm NADP+ from the light dependent stage of phootyshtensis ATP comes from ADP+Pi in the light dependent stage of photoysthesnis
28
The role of H+ in photoyshtensis and celluarlrepsiraiton
The role of H+ is that it is carried by coenzymes NADP+ to become NADPH a high energy carrying molecule used in the light independent stage of the stroma to create glucose in photosythensis The role of H+ is that it is carried by coenzymes NAD+ to become NADH for the electron transport chain in cellular repsriation
29
How does ADP form
when ATP loses a phosphate
30
why is ATP used for energy if there are other sources of energy
ATP is not the only the only sourceof energy in the cell however it is the only useable source of energy
31
inhibitors
substance that prevents the activity of enzymes
32
non competiive vs competiive inhibitor
competiive inhibitor binds to the active site, therefore blocks the reactants from bindin and is reversible, whereas non competiive inhibtors do not bind to theactive site rather they cause a conformational chnage to the active site by binding to an allosteric site so that reactants cannot bind to the enzyme---irreversibele
33
coenzymes
non protein molecules that bind to the active site of an enzyme and help facilitate the reaction eg, NADH, NADPH, ATP
34
Why does photosynthesis make glucose rather than making ATP directly
glucose is easier to store
35
electron transport chain(ETC) in photosythensis
a series of proteins in the thylakoid which harnesses the power of electrons and hydrogen to attach a phosphate onto ATP.
36
Why does NADPH need to be created
NADPH carries the hydrogen and electrons to be transported from the light depednent to light independent stage.
37
What happens if plants DO NOT have RuBisCO
if RuBisCO isnt found in plants or is inhibited photoysthensis cannot occur
38
What is the role of sunlight:
Energy from sunlight is trapped in the thykloid memrbanes to cause water to split into H+ naad 02. thi s alos causes electrons to excite, resulting in the production of ATP which is required for the light independent stage.
39
b. By referring to your balanced equation of photoysthensis why the oxygen concentration in the air surrounding the plants can be used as a measure of the rate of photosynthesis.
Oxygen is a product of photosynthesis therefore will increase as the rate of photosynthesis increases. Oxygen is released from the stomata therefore the air surrounding the plant will increase in oxygen concentration.
40
can the light independent stag ocucrwithout the light depednet stgae
no because NADPH and ATP are produced as outputs of the light dependent and are required as inputs of the light independent stage.
41
what is a disadvantgae of the light dependent stage occuring before the light indepednen stage
as oxygen is released as a gas in the light dependent stage, the 02 cocnentraiton around the stomata is high, highter 02 concentraiton than c02, ruBisCO binds to 02 instead of c02, intiaitng a wasteful process photorepsiraiton
42
how does temperature affect the rate of photosytehnsis and photorpesioatn
low temp/regular rubiscos affinity to carbon dixoide is higher so more phootyshensing, less photorpersiation, at higher temperatures rubsico greater affiniy towards 02 so there increase rate of photorpeiaiotn, decrease photostyhennsis
43
why are cam plants than c4 plants better at adapting to hot environments
cam plants close stomata during the day to prevent water loss because malate is already stored, whereas c4 plants they can decrease, they cant
44
gross vs net photosytheniss
Gross photosythensis is the totla rate of carbon fixiation(reduction of C02) without considering that some of C02 is generated in respiration. Whereas, Net Photosythensis is the carbon fixition rate minus the rate of C02 loss in respiration
45
net photosythensis
the total rate of carbon fixiation(redction of C02) wtihout considering that some of C02 in generated in respiration
46
Net photosythensis
is the carbon fixation rate minus rate of C02 loss in respiration.

PHOTOSYTHENSIS (5 decks)

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