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Question 1

psuedemonas and mastitis

Answer 1

can cause mortality

Question 2

pseudomonas aeruginosa in reptiles

Answer 2

necrotic stomatits. pneumonia, septicemia

secondary to poor housing

Question 3

parrots and parrakeets pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer 3

2ndary
eye
airway- pneumonia
origin drinking water (biofilm formation)

Question 4

pseudomonas aeruginosa galliformes

Answer 4

water supply
localized in oviduct of turkeys if they dont die
contamination of eggs
pseudomonas enter eggs and make them explode via H2S gas production
neonatal mortality
complication of viral infection especially when the viral inf is treated with antibiotics

Question 5

pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment

Answer 5

take away the cause
use antibiotics consider conditions and animal species.
consider culling (dairy cow)
careful with Blactams
use anti pseudomonas (cefoperazone)
most of the animals die (except with otitis externa)

Question 6

Phage therapy

Answer 6

burn wound victims

local application strain specific

Question 7

pseudomonas spp in cold blooded animals

Answer 7

fish: skin ulcer and septicemia

first thing: change water, clean environment, eliminate biofilm

Question 8

Burkholderia

Answer 8

gram -
aerobic
 rods 
catalase positive
previous had other names- taxonomical problems
environmental
lung inf

Question 9

Burkholderia pathogenic species

Answer 9

b. mallei
b. pseudomallei
b. cepacia

Question 10

Burkholderia mallei

Answer 10

glanders
BSL3 agent
used in WWI- biological warfare
primarily EQUINE pathogen (also feline dog human) 
HAS TO BE DECLARED 
now mainly in asia and s. america
Horses travel!

Question 11

Burkholderia mallei symtoms

Answer 11

nodules and ulcers , pyogranulomatous
orchitis
skin of resp tract
great variability in severity
ACUTE: fetal! fever nasal discharge, lyphadenitis
CHRONIC: you should not see- should be declared in chronic form. fever and respiratory skin abcesses
ZOONOTIC

Question 12

Burkholderia mallei virulence

Answer 12

capsule - allows to survive in the environement

LPS

Question 13

Burkholderia mallei transmission

Answer 13

ingestion inhalation wounds
many portals of entry
inhalation– high chance ofcontact

Question 14

Burkholderia mallei pathogenesis

Answer 14

pharynx, wound

spread via lymphatic (nodules) or blood (lung liver spleen)

Question 15

Burkholderia mallei pathology

Answer 15

nodular lesions composed of neutrophils fibrin and RBC
evolve when become more chronic
essential necrotic part
tx is difficult, AB do not penetrate the nodules easily surrounded by epithelial capsule

Question 16

Burkholderia mallei typical symptom

Answer 16

NASAL DISCHARGE

Question 17

Burkholderia mallei DX

Answer 17

isolation and ID
Serology- difficult
false positives (environmental, lots of epitopes)
complement fixation
intradermal test (mallein test) look for type 4 hypersensitivity (more sensitivity)

Question 18

Burkholderia mallei PX

Answer 18

NO VACCINES
Cull infected animals
avoid contact with endemic areas

Question 19

Burkholderia psuedomallei

Answer 19

MELIODOSIS
re portable dz
saprophyte- in water rich environments
frequent inf after flooding swampy terrain
rice paddies
lives with environmental ameoba
wide host range
sheep goat rodent(reservoir)
tropical subtropical

Question 20

Burkholderia psuedomallei transmission

Answer 20

ingestion wound infection airbourne arthropod bite wound

Question 21

Burkholderia psuedomallei virulence

Answer 21

adhesins
capsule
T3SS and T4SS

Question 22

Burkholderia psuedomallei horses

Answer 22

mimics glanders: pseudoglanders

Question 23

Burkholderia psuedomallei in cattle

Answer 23

acute to chronic…. lungs joint uterus

Question 24

Burkholderia psuedomallei goats

Answer 24

more chronic dz

Question 25

Burkholderia psuedomallei swine

Answer 25

backyard swine, tropical

Question 26

Burkholderia psuedomallei DX

Answer 26

``` environmental BSL3 purulent content swab cultivation on blood mcconkey agar CFT test ```

Question 27

Burkholderia psuedomallei prevention/ therapy

Answer 27

no vaccination difficult to prevent water and soil contact antimicrobials most often end up culling

Question 28

Burkholderia mallei

Answer 28

``` should not see (reportable) be careful with traveling horses to endemic areas false positives do exist confused with pseudomallei difficult to contain ```

Question 29

Francisella

Answer 29

BSL3

Question 30

Francisella tularensis 3 subspecies

Answer 30

mediasiatica holartica tularensis

Question 31

Francisella tularensis

Answer 31

``` gram negative small pleomorphic nonmotile contagious obligate aerobic facultative intracellular (hide in body, carriers) very fastidious growth ```

Question 32

Francisella tularensis requires to culture?

Answer 32

SPECIFIC rich media chocolate agar thayer Martin agar | w/ supplement

Question 33

Francisella tularensis

Answer 33

``` REPORTABLE highly contagious prairie dogs from the US wide rAange of animals logomorphs- reservoir ```

Question 34

Francisella tularensis transmission

Answer 34

tick mosquitoes flies contaminated waters ingestion and infected prey humans contact with wild life, inhalation (hunters)

Question 35

Francisella tularensis virulence

Answer 35

capsue LPS factors that promote intracellular survival in pagocytes, located on pathogenicity island

Question 36

Francisella tularensis spread

Answer 36

dz of Northern hemisphere F. tularensis subs. tularensis- north america holarctica- europe mediasiatica- central asia

Question 37

Francisella tularensis lagomorphs

Answer 37

wild life dz | reservoirs

Question 38

Francisella tularensis pathogensis

Answer 38

always a systemic phase with multi organ failure | facultative intracellular- macrophages

Question 39

Francisella tularensis presentation

Answer 39

RARE symptoms rarely seen- succumb fast liver spleen lungs

Question 40

Francisella tularensis in humans

Answer 40

depends on mode of transmission and virulence of strain. American strain more virulent than european

Question 41

Francisella tularensis mode of transmission

Answer 41

ulceroglandular ( ulcerated cutaneous lesions with lyphadenopathy ) glandular (no skin lesions) oculoglandular (conjunctivitis) oropharyngeal( pharyngitis gastro enteritis) inhalation systemic

Question 42

TX And PX

Answer 42

antibiotics - not very resistant but need intracellular infusion (tetracyclines) prevent ticks, eliminate contaminated waters, wildlife