6

Question 1

Moa of alcohols

Answer 1

denatures proteins and inhibits metabolites necessary for cell division

Question 2

isopropyl alcohol better for

Answer 2

non enveloped viruses and bacteria

Question 3

ethyl alcohol better for

Answer 3

enveloped viruses and bacteria as it has greater lipophilic properties

Question 4

antimicrobial properties of alcohols are best in the range of

Answer 4

60-90%

Question 5

___ increases efficacy of alcohols

Answer 5

water

Question 6

Mao of ammonie

Answer 6

saponifies lipids in the envelopes of microorgs

Question 7

ammonia releases __ if mixed with bleach

Answer 7

chloramine

Question 8

effect of aldehydes on bacterial spores

Answer 8

low conc inhibits germination and high conc are sporicidal

Question 9

aldehyde action on mycobacteria

Answer 9

interacts w cell wall

Question 10

aldehyde action on other bacteria

Answer 10

strong association with outer layers and cross linking of amino groups in protein inhibiting transport into cell

Question 11

types of aldehydes

Answer 11

gluteraldehyde and formaldehyde

Question 12

uses of aldehydes

Answer 12

antisepsis, preservative, disinf

Question 13

what can ortho pthaldehyde do

Answer 13

block spore germination

Question 14

Mao of OPA

Answer 14

interacts w proteins, aa and microorganisms but its lipphilicity is likely to increase its entry into mycobacteria and Gneg bacteria

Question 15

concerns w opa

Answer 15

not irritant, good stability and no door, excellent material compatibility BUT stains proteins gray

Question 16

uses of biguanides

Answer 16

antisepsis

Question 17

types of biguanides

Answer 17

chlorhexidine and alexifine

Question 18

is chlorhexidine bactericidal or static

Answer 18

cidal

Question 19

activity of chlorhexidine is reduced by

Answer 19

organic matter

Question 20

MoA of chlorhexidine

Answer 20

damages outer membrane, enters outer membrane by passive diffusion, attacks bacterial cytoplasm, yeast plasma membrane or inner membrane

Question 21

alexidine vs chlorhex

Answer 21

Alex has faster onset of bacterucidal activity and bacterial permeability enhancing

Question 22

Mao of alexidine

Answer 22

destroys bacterial membrane and causes apoptosis

Question 23

do hypochlorites leave toxic residues

Answer 23

no

Question 24

do hypochlorites act on biofilms

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

how does increase in ph affect dissociation of HOCl and dis efficacy

Answer 25

decreases w increased ph

Question 26

Mao of chlorine compounds

Answer 26

inhibition of protein synthesis, Dan disruption, ring chlorination of AAs, loss of intracellular components

Question 27

other types of chlorine compounds

Answer 27

sodium dichloroisocyanurate, chloramine

Question 28

how are alternative chlorine compounds diff from sodium hypochlrite solution

Answer 28

more strong bactericidal effect and longer duration of action. sodium dichloroisocyanurate is solid form

Question 29

uses of iodine vs iodophor

Answer 29

iodine used as antispetic while iodophor used as D and antiseptic

Question 30

Mao of iodine

Answer 30

can penetrate cell wall leading to disruption of protein and nucleic acid structure and synthesis

Question 31

example of iodiphor

Answer 31

povidone iodine, a compound of polyvinylpyrrolidone

Question 32

how does dilution affect activity of iodophors

Answer 32

increases ac ivy by releasing more free I2

Question 33

peroxygens moa

Answer 33

acts as an oxidant and generates hydroxyl free radicals that attack lipids, proteins, DNA

Question 34

range of activity of H2O2

Answer 34

yeast, bacteria, fungi, virus, spores

Question 35

greater peroxide activity is seen in

Answer 35

gpos than gneg but presence of catalase or peroxidases can increase tolerance

Question 36

accelerated hydrogen peroxide

Answer 36

contains h2o2 and surfactant, emulsifier or organic acid

Question 37

is chlorine safer of accelerated h2o2

Answer 37

accelerated h2o2

Question 38

per acetic acid activity

Answer 38

Bacteria, virus, fungi, spores

Question 39

which is more potent h2o2 or peracetic acid

Answer 39

peracetic acid as it can kill spores at low conc

Question 40

peracetic acid Mao

Answer 40

denatures proteins and enzymes and increases cell wall permeability by disrupting sufhydryl and sulphur bonds

Question 41

what does peracetic acid decompose to

Answer 41

acetic acid and oxygen which are safe

Question 42

main application of peracetic acid

Answer 42

low temp liquid sterilant for devices

Question 43

phenols uses

Answer 43

D, antiseptic, preservative

Question 44

Mao of phenols

Answer 44

induces progressive lake of intracell components including K+ which is the first sign of membrane damage

Question 45

chloroxylenol moa

Answer 45

disruption of cell wall and inactivation of enzymes

Question 46

chloroxylenol is often used with

Answer 46

eidetic acid which is a chelating agent

Question 47

diamidines names

Answer 47

propamidine and dibromopropamidine

Question 48

uses of diamidines

Answer 48

antiseptis

Question 49

Mao of diamidines

Answer 49

inhibits oxygen uptake and leakage of AAs

Question 50

2 types of silver compounds

Answer 50

silver nitrate and silver sulfadiazine

Question 51

silver nitrate moa

Answer 51

interaction with thiol groups in enzymes and proteins. also affects nucleic acids and cytoplasmic membrane

Question 52

which silver compound has broader spectrum of activity

Answer 52

silver sulfadiazine

Question 53

QAC uses

Answer 53

disinfection on preop UNBROKEN skin, disinfection of non critical surfaces eg furniture floors etc

Question 54

are QAC sporocidal

Answer 54

no

Question 55

Mao of QAC

Answer 55

adsorption and penetration into cell wall interacts w cytoplasmic membrane degrades proteins and nucleic acids, leakage of intracell low MW products wall lysis caused by autolytic enzymes

Question 56

spectrum of QAC

Answer 56

bactericidal, virucidal against enveloped viruses and fungicidal

Question 57

eg of QAC

Answer 57

BAK

Question 58

activity of BAK is more marked against __ and minimal activity against

Answer 58

Gpos than neg minimal activity against bacterial spores and acid fast bacteria

Question 59

use of BAK

Answer 59

as preservative

Question 60

eucalyptus is eff against

Answer 60

e coli and staph aureus and disinfectant in mining operatiosn

Question 61

heat sensitive medical devices can be sterilised by

Answer 61

liquid sterilants eg gluteraldehyde, peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide

Question 62

vapour. phase sterilants used in cold systems are

Answer 62

ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid

Question 63

ethylene oxide gas used for sterilising has residues that can be removed by

Answer 63

aeration

Question 64

UV lamp moa

Answer 64

disrupts DNA and nucleic acids

Question 65

UV effectiveness depends on

Answer 65

presence of organic matter

Question 66

which D only work on lipoviruses

Answer 66

QAC, phenolics,

Question 67

which D work on spores

Answer 67

aldehydes, chlorine compounds QAC, peracetic acid