Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

23 General Pathology > 6/29 - Diseases of Immune System > Flashcards

6/29 - Diseases of Immune System Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is the act of transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another; typically between different individuals

A

transplantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

can organ system malfunction be corrected w/ transplantation of organ from a donor

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the most formidable barrier to transplantation as a routing medical treatment? this results in what?

A

immune system is a barrier - results in rejection of transplanted organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the different graft types

A
  1. autograft
  2. isograft
  3. allograft
  4. xenograft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a graft in the same person from one part of body to area

A

autograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the graft between identical twins

A

isograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the graft between different members of the same species

A

allograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the graft between two different species

A

xenograft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the ability of recipient T cells to recognize donor derived antigens is called what

A

allorecognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what initiates allograft rejection

A

allorecognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

once recipient T cells become active, they under go clonal expansion, differentiate into effector cells, and ___

A

migrate into the graft where they promote tissue destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how to increase graft survival

A
  1. good MHC (HLA) matching of donor and recipient (MHC I and II)
  2. immunosuppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is immunosuppression not needed when grafting

A

with identical (monozygotic twins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what occurs when immunologically compentent cells or their precursors are transplanted into immunologically crippled recipients

A

graft vs host disease (GVHD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what occurs when transferred cells recognize alloantigens in the host and attack host tissues

A

GVHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the pathophysiology of GVHD

A

The interaction of the donor T cell and the host APC leads to the activation of APC and immunogenic presentation of HLA class I-restricted minorhistocompatibility antigens (“license to kill”) to activate CD8 cells of the transplantation that can attack mHA on epithelial tissue or also on hematopoietic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogenic bone marrow transplantation, with increasing incidene of it corresponding to level of HLA mismatch between donor and host

A

GVHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what causes epithelial cell neocrosis

A

GVHD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does GVHD cause epithelial cell necrosis

A

liver, skin, GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is GVHD lethal

A

yes, potentially lethal process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are immune rxns against self antigens

A

autoimmune disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the phenomenon of unresposiveness to an antigen induced by exposure to lymphocytes to that antigen

A

immunologic tolerance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

autoimmunity arises from combination of what

A
  1. inheritance of susceptibility genes
  2. environmental triggers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what contributes to the breakdown of self-tolerance

A

inheritance of susceptibility genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what promote the activation of self-reactive lymphocytes, such as infections and tissue damage
environmental triggers
26
general features of autoimmune diseases
1. chronic, w/ relapses and remissions, and damage is progressive 2. manifestations determined by nature of underlying immune response
27
genetic factors in autoimmunity have an evidence of ___ clustering and linkage w/ ___
evidence of familial clustering and linkage w/ certain HLA types, especially class II antigens
28
who has a greater incidence of most autoimmune disorders
women
29
what are implicated in autoimmunity
bacteria, mycoplasmas, and viruses
30
which diseases are exceptions to the concept that women have the greater incidence of autoimmune disorders?
1. ulcerative colitis (50:50) 2. diabetes mellitus (more men than women)
31
what is the most common connective tissue disease in US
lupus erythematosus (LE)
32
what are the 3 forms of LE
1. Systemic Lupus erythematosus 2. Chronic cutaneous erythematosus 3. Subacute cutaneous erythematosus
33
what disease results from increased activity of humoral limb (B lymph) of immune system
LE
34
what disease results from abnormal function of T lymphocytes
LE
35
do we know the exact pahtogenesis of LE
no
36
does genetic and environmental factors play a role in LE
YES
37
what disease exhibits butterfly rash
systemic lupus erythematosus
38
what disease: - serious multisystem - variety of cutaneous and oral manifestations - difficult to diagnose at early stage - mainly women
systemic lupus erythematosus
39
what is the average age of diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
31 years
40
what are common findings of systemic lupus erythematosus
1. fever 2. weight loss 3. arthritis 4. fatigue 5. general malaise
41
what percent of systemic lupus erythematosus has arthritis in multiple joints (polyarthritis)
95%
42
what percentage of systemic lupus erythematosus has butterfly rash
40-50%
43
does sunlight make systemic lupus erythematosis better?
NO! makes it worse
44
kidneys are affected in ___% of patients in systemic lupus erythematosus
40-50%
45
what is the most significant aspect of systemic lupus erythematosus
kidney failure
46
is cardiac involvement common in systemic lupus? what percent?
common - 50% display vegetation in heart valves
47
what is the type of cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus
Libman-Sacks endocartitis (vegetation affects heart valves) - antigen complexes coagulate in ehart
48
can some patients w/ systemic lupus erythematosus develop superimposed bacterial endocartitis?
YES
49
what percentage of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has oral lesions? where?
5-25% of patients in palate, buccal mucosa, and gingiva
50
what type of oral lesions found in systemic lupus erythematosus
lichenoid or granular or nonspecific
51
what lupus has the involvement of the vermillion border of the lower lip
lupus cheilitis
52
T/F: varying degrees of ulcerations, pain, erythema, and hyperkeratosis may be seen in systemic lupus erythematosis oral lesions
TRUE
53
what disease: - pt has few or no symptoms - lesions limited to skin or mucosal surfaces
chronic cutaneous LE
54
how does chronic discoid LE look
begin as scaly, erythematous patches often distributed on sun exposed skin
55
chronic discoid LE healing process has what?
scarring and hypo or hyperpigementation
56
chronic LE oral lesions are identical to what?
lesions of erosive lichen planus
57
unlike oral lesions of lichen planus, oral lesions of CCLE seldom occur in absense of ___
skin lesions
58
what has an ulcer in center and white radiating lines on side
lichenoid
59
what characterizes oral lesions of CCLE
ulterated or atrophic, erythematous central zone, surrounded by find white radiating lines
60
lesions in what disease may be painful when exposed to spicy or acidic food
CCLE
61
what disease: - clinical manifestation between SLE and CCLE - skin lesions are most prominent feature - present on sun exposed skin - lesions do not show scarring
SCLE
62
what disease: direct immunofluorescent testing of lesional tissue shows deposition of immunoreactions in a shaggy or granular band at the basement of membrane zone
SLE
63
what test for SLE
direct immunofluorescent testing
64
what Ig to look for on positive lupus band test
IgG, IgM, or C3
65
95% of SLE patients have antibodies against what
anti-nuclear antigens (ANAs) (has nonspecific findins since seen in other autoimmune disease)
66
70% of SLE patients have antibodies against what?
double stranded DNA
67
30% of SLE patients have antibodies against what?
Sm - protein that is complexed w/ small nuclear RNA
68
what antibodies are very specific against SLE
antibodies against Sm
69
90% of SLE pt have ___ years to live, 60% are alive at __ years
5, 20
70
T/F: prognosis of SLE depends on which organs are affected and how frequently the disease is reactivated
TRUE
71
SLE treatment
- avoid excess sun exposure - mild active disease: NSAIDs and antimalarial drugs - severe acute episodes: systemic corticosteroids, other immunosuppresants and immunomodulators
72
CCLC/SCLE tx
- topical corticosteroids - if no relief, systemic drugs like SLE

23 General Pathology (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions