6-9 Flashcards
(8 cards)
Gender systems: European
I. All lawmakers were male, women’s testimony counted for less in court, excluded from church, medicine, law, and most business jobs; were excluded from schools, but could be privately tutored. Inheritance favoured sons, but widows had some limited rights
Ii. Women seen as physically/biologically inferior (emotional, not strong), and therefore incapable of doing “a mans job”
III. Church claimed that God intended for men to be superior; this was preached, put in sermons/books
*maybe mention Americas/colonial
Changes in Americas/Europe: Demographic
I. Colombian exchange altered permanently plant life, natural environment, and geography of the Americas/ Europe
Ii. Disease was brought to Americas from Europe, Europeans had already developed immunities, new to Americas
III. Smallpox, measles, diphtheria, whooping cough, influenza, started terrible epidemics,,
Iv. sometimes took entire societies, smallpox was worst, went thru Aztec empire starting 1519, and within 1 cent, the population decreased by 90%; also greatly affected Incas, spread VERY fast: by 1530s went from Mexico all the WA down to Argentina and up to Great Lakes; over 100 million ppl in Americas may have died from imported from diseases between 1500 and 1800
V. Europeans benefited far greater population wise from Colombian exchanges. By 1600, pop increased 25% since 1500 (545 million in 1600), reached 610 in 1700, 720 in 1750, and 900 million in 1800. Strongly due to the new diet and nutritional value added to European diet by the new American food crops and animals
Changes in Americas/ Europe: Environmental
I. Europeans brought American crops and animals back to Europe, Americans gained European goods
Ii. Eurasia gave Americas: rice, sugar, bananas, apples, cherries, peaches, peas, and citrus
III. Americas gave Eurasia: maize, potatoes, tomatoes, beans, peppers, peanuts, avocados, pineapples, and cacao.
Iv. American food crops became prominent in European nutrition and farming, especially the potato in Ireland (potato famine) or Russia, but not really in Asia.
Confucianism: China
I. Emperors supported Confucian learning with Hanlin Academy, a research institute in Bejing, and schools for studying for service exams throughout China
Ii. The civil service exams encouraged Confucianism b/c they focuses on Confucian texts and commentaries
III. Outside of scholars and government, the urban residents didn’t know as much about Confucius
Iv. Confucianism started to not be followed as diligently as before; Confucian scholars looked down upon popular new novels, as most did not have “literary value”
Confucianism: Japan
I. Tokugawa shoguns, like Chinese emperors, promote Zhu Xi neoconfucanism, because it has emphasis on felilal piety and loyalty to superiors
Ii. People with formal education were constantly exposed to neoconfucanism
III. 1587-1639, shoguns declared Japanese Christians to stop being Christian
Gender systems: Ottoman elite
i. Elite women were usually secluded in harems, and always had to go out with an escort.
ii. When a sultans sister or daughter was married to a high raking official, the high ranking official had to supply a palace for wife.
iii. Imperial ottoman women were highly educated, they were taught Islamic/Turkish language, reading, calligraphy, history, and geography by the best teachers at the time. Women with musical talent were trained to play instruments, sing, and dance
iv. Women in harem w/ no musical talent served the sultan’s wife, sisters, or administered harem.
v. Men had the political, money paying roles in society, as usual, and were expected to make wives happy (palaces) and women also needed to make husbands happy
Comparing world economic systems: Colombian exchange
I. Colombian exchange was a new frontier because of new worlds: completely new goods were introduced to both Eurasia and Americas; Europeans could move to Americas for more economic/forming ideas and lands; Spanish mined for silver
Ii. The economic system of 600-1450 was more limited than the other one because they had less to trade with, less resources to explore (mention resources from question 7)
Economic system comparisons: Eurasian
I. Silk Road ended around 1450 because it wasn’t as widely used, but China maintained a silk-fur trade with Russia similar to Silk Road
Ii. Sea trade routes and port city trade became much more popular because of better ships/navigating
III. Global trade became popular in China especially in early Qing, where they exported silk, porcelain, lacquerware, and tea; Ming emperor yongle wanted China to play a bigger part in Indian Ocean basin, so he started maritime expeditions (1403-1433)
-Trade overall connected each regions economy to make one big world economy, unlike earlier world economy that traded but didn’t connect.
