6. Automated and emerging technologies Flashcards
what is meant by ai technology
branch of computer science dealing with
the simulation of intelligent behaviours by
computers
what are the two types of ai branches
applied/ weak/ narrow ai- designed to manage a specific task
generalised ai- can evolve and improve to handle other tasks emerging and developing are of ai closely linked to machine learning
what are the main characteristics of ai
collection of data
rules for using that data
ability to reason
ability to learn and adapt
collects data and recognises patterns, trained t recognise these patterns, when encounters new data might recognise these patterns, may also learn new patterns without need for human intervention
does An AI system needs historical data in order to make decisions or predictions.
yes
what are the two types of ai systems
expert systems
machine learning
describe expert systems-what do they require
AI systems that use data analysis to provide specialist information to human experts.
expert systems require:
-a knowledge base
-a rules base
-an inference engine (A machine that processes rules and logic in order to arrive at a conclusion or result.) to process the rules and logic
-an interface for entering queries and viewing the result
describe machine learning
science of training a device or application to perform a task and improve results, make decisions without being programmed to do so, can learn through acquisition of data and experience to solve new problems
“a program has the ability to automatically adapt its own processes and/or data”
automation
act of reducing or replacing a repetitive manual task with an automated one
automated systems use…
sensors (inputs data), microprocessor (processes input data) and actuators (actuators make an action depending on process of microprocessor)
what are the advantages of an automated system
Health and safety risks can be reduced by automating manual, repetitive or dangerous tasks.
Increased speed, efficiency and volume of production, leading to increased income.
Less reliance on human workers.
Consistency of products and decisions.
Better use of human workers’ time.
what are the disadvantages of automated systems
Automation of tasks can lead to worker redundancy.
More expensive to implement and maintain.
Less employment for human workers.
Harder to be flexible and adapt to customer requests.
Increased complexity of human worker roles.
what is meant by robotics
a branch of computer science that
incorporates the design, construction and
operation of robots
Examples include factory equipment, domestic robots and drones
Robotics engineers design robots that can operate in a variety of different situations.
industrial robots
can lift and move heavy objects easily, never get tired, dont need to be paid, repeat same actions over and over again
domestic robots
do chores around home, frees up time for humans to do other things, don’t complain about the chores
drones robots
dont get caught up in traffic, dont pollute atmosphere, they are quiet, not relieable
