6. Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses. Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 6. Canine enteritis caused by parvoviruses. Deck (7)
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1
Q

Canine enteritis?

A

Canine enteritis

  • Parvoviridae, Parvovirinae, Protoparvovirus, Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, Canine parvovirus 2
  • Dog, wolf, fox, canidae
  • 3-8 weeks: sudden death, myocardial damage, high mortality (w/in 2-3 days)
  • Above 8 weeks: enteritis, earlier mostly stinky greyish persistent diarrhoea, recently
  • haemorrhagic forms, mortality approx. 10%
  • Australia, USA 1977-78
  • Spread everywhere
  • Dogs are seropositive b/c of vaccination or infection
  • CPV-1: original non-pathogenic viruses of dogs
  • canine minute virus (Carnivore bocaparvovirus 1)
  • CPV-2 ;(Carnivore protoparvovirus 1) since 1970s
  • Cell culture mutant vaccine of cat panleukopenia virus
  • Wild carnivore virus spread to dogs?
  • Subtypes: since 1978 CPV-2a, later (since 1984) CPV-2b, CPV2c (since 2000) & New CPV2a b
  • Subtypes replaced original CPV2 until 1981
  • Cats can only be infected with the ‘a subtype’ 10% of all panleukopenia cases
2
Q

Pathogenesis?

A

Pathogenesis

  • Viral intake: PO
  • viral replication: lymphoid tissues around throat ĺ
  • viremia (1st-2nd days )
  • organs with rapid cell division
  • (lymphoid cells: BM, spleen, thymus,
  • LN, crypt cells of SI, myocardial cells of young animals!!)
  • massive shedding of the virus from the 3rd-4th days (7-10 days: latent period of 1 week)
  • Replication:
  • In the lymphoid cells: lymphopenia & leukopenia
  • In the crypt cells of SI: massive shedding of the virus, basal layer is damaged, damages intestinal vili, inflammation developed
  • In the myocardium: myocarditis with necrosis
  • Antibody 3rd- 4th days in the sera (latent period: 3-7 days)
3
Q

Clinical signs and pathology?

A

Clinical signs

  • Non-specific signs (fever, laziness, weakness)
  • Acute gastroenteritis (vomiting, diarrhoea, painful abdomen, exsiccosis due to dehydration)
  • Outcome depends on age/immunity
  • Susceptible, young (less than 8weeks, replicate in myocardial) = dead within 2-3 days (50%)
  • Older/adults: 8-12 days sub chronic symptoms subclinical infection
  • In case of myocarditis: dead w/out symptoms or after dyspnoea & diarrhoea
  • Pathology:
  • edema in GI, hemorrhages in SI mucosa: sometimes very visible
  • (patho!) If young puppy: paler area which is myocardial disease
4
Q

Histopathology?

A

Histopathology

  • Intestinal mucosa: inflammation, haemorrhages, desquamation, basophilic nuclear
  • inclusion bodies in intestinal cells
  • Mesenterial LNs, spleen: decr lymphoid cells
  • In case of myocarditis: basophilic nuclear inclusion bodies,
  • infiltration with lymphoid & plasma cells - in nucleus of cell see the replication of the virus
5
Q

Diagnosis?

A

Diagnosis

  • Clinical signs, anamnesis (vaccinated/non-vaccinated)
  • Virus detection from faeces:
  • HA swine RBCs
  • PCR
  • Sandwich ELISA
  • EM
  • Rapid tests: positive for 10-15 days after live
  • vaccines/maternal immunity!! Which is false positive
  • Antibody detection: only if extreme high or increasing, HAG, VN, ELISA(IgM, IgG): Rapid tests Sera (Maternal immunity vaccine)
6
Q

Differentiate?

A

Differentiate:

  • Coronavirus:
  • CCoV-I: young dogs, vomiting, watery diarrhoea,
  • CCoV-II: 1.5-2 month old, haemorrhagic enteritis, vomiting, ataxia
  • Herpesvirus: below 2-3 weeks of age, deadly outcome
  • haemorrhagic, mostly respiratory, 80% mortality until 1 week of age
  • Rotavirus:
  • milder, haemorrhagic diarrhoea is unusual
  • Parvovirus in the crypt cells!
7
Q

Treatment and Prevention?

A

Treatment:

  • Treat the clinical condition
  • antibiotics for secondary infections
  • quarantine
  • hyperimmune sera (!)

Prevention:

  • general rules of epidemiology
  • Vaccines: inactivated (live attenuated)
  • Maternal antibodies protect up to 3-4 months
  • Hyperimmune serum (best before the clinical signs) Immune response ʹ protection

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